Application of PST Source based DC Link Restoration for IDVR

Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) comprises of several Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVRs) connected to different distribution feeders in the power system sharing common energy storage. One of the DVR provides for voltage sag compensation appearing in that feeder, while the other DVRs restore the energy in the common dc-link thus dynamically maintaining the voltage of DC link capacitor constant by importing power from the other feeders. Restoration of the DC link energy plays an important role in the capability of the individual DVR in the IDVR to mitigate deep sags with long durations. In this paper the restoration of the DC link energy of the IDVR is achieved by the utilizing the phase shifting transformers (PST) which assist the respective DVR during its power control mode. A controlled switching action is provided to choose the appropriate connection of PST to the feeders depending upon the voltage sag condition. The proposed novel concept is examined in a test power system with IDVR

A randomized split mouth clinical trial of the application of the desensitizer agents for tooth sensitivity

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects 3%-75% of the people and is one of the morbid tooth conditions. Hence in the present study we aim to examine the clinical effectiveness of 3 different desensitizing agents in decreasing pain of DH in time of 1 month.Methods: Fifty subjects with cervical DH in at least one tooth in any three of the 4 quadrants were selected. VAS was used to note the pain. Each quadrant in an individual was randomly assigned. Profluorid varnish, Admira protect, and PRG‑Barrier coat was used. VAS scores for the tactile and air stimuli were noted immediately after application, 1 week, and after 1 month. The data was analyzed keeping p<0.05 as significant.Results: VAS significantly reduced for all three groups from the base line (p<0.001). Admira protect showed significant reduction of hypersensitivity scores at 1 month compared to other groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: Admira protect was better at lowering the pain due to DH than PRG‑barrier coat and Profluorid varnish after 1 month of application

Advancements in Arc Fault Detection for Electrical Distribution Systems: A Comprehensive Review from Artificial Intelligence Perspective

This comprehensive review paper provides a thorough examination of current advancements and research in the field of arc fault detection for electrical distribution systems. The increasing demand for electricity, coupled with the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources, has necessitated vigilance in safeguarding electrical distribution systems against arc faults. Such faults could lead to catastrophic accidents, including fires, equipment damage, loss of human life, and other critical issues. To mitigate these risks, this review article focuses on the identification and early detection of arc faults, with a particular emphasis on the vital role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the detection and prediction of arc faults. The paper explores a wide range of methodologies for arc fault detection and highlights the superior performance of AI-based methods in accurately identifying arc faults when compared to other approaches. A thorough evaluation of existing methodologies is conducted by categorizing them into distinct groups, which provides a structured framework for understanding the current state of arc fault detection techniques. This categorization serves as a foundation for identifying the existing constraints and future research avenues in the domain of arc fault detection for electrical distribution systems. This review paper provides the state of the art in arc fault detection, aiming to enhance safety and reliability in electrical distribution systems and guide future research efforts

A Subset of Latency-Reversing Agents Expose HIV-Infected Resting CD4⁺ T-Cells to Recognition by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes

Resting CD4⁺ T-cells harboring inducible HIV proviruses are a critical reservoir in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated subjects. These cells express little to no viral protein, and thus neither die by viral cytopathic effects, nor are efficiently cleared by immune effectors. Elimination of this reservoir is theoretically possible by combining latency-reversing agents (LRAs) with immune effectors, such as CD8⁺ T-cells. However, the relative efficacy of different LRAs in sensitizing latently-infected cells for recognition by HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cells has not been determined. To address this, we developed an assay that utilizes HIV-specific CD8⁺ T-cell clones as biosensors for HIV antigen expression. By testing multiple CD8⁺ T-cell clones against a primary cell model of HIV latency, we identified several single agents that primed latently-infected cells for CD8⁺ T-cell recognition, including IL-2, IL-15, two IL-15 superagonists (IL-15SA and ALT-803), prostratin, and the TLR-2 ligand Pam₃CSK₄. In contrast, we did not observe CD8⁺ T-cell recognition of target cells following treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors or with hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). In further experiments we demonstrate that a clinically achievable concentration of the IL-15 superagonist ‘ALT-803’, an agent presently in clinical trials for solid and hematological tumors, primes the natural ex vivo reservoir for CD8⁺ T-cell recognition. Thus, our results establish a novel experimental approach for comparative evaluation of LRAs, and highlight ALT-803 as an LRA with the potential to synergize with CD8⁺ T-cells in HIV eradication strategies.United States. National Institutes of Health (AI111860

Development and evaluation of integrated pest management module for castor.

Research paperField trials were conducted for three years during kharif season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the integrated pest management (IPM) module against major insect pests of castor in comparison with farmer’s practice and untreated control. The results based on pooled data showed that the IPM module found to be the best in reducing the population of tobacco caterpillar (87.82 to 95.23% reduction over untreated control) and capsule borer damage (8.40% capsule damage) as compared to farmer’s practice (58.65 to 71.22% reduction in tobacco caterpillar and 13.63% capsule damage). The IPM module provided 84.95 to 90.71% reduction in semilooper population and 97.17% reduction in leafhopper population and found on par with farmer’s practice (94.19 to 99.11% reduction in semilooper population and 97.81% reduction in leafhopper population). IPM module recorded significantly more number of cocoons of larval parasitoids (Snellenius maculipennis) of semilooper and tobacco caterpillar (Apanteles sp.) as compared to farmer’s practice. IPM module also resulted higher mean seed yield (1409 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 22573/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.84) as compared with farmer’s practice (seed yield of 1225 kg/ha, net returns of Rs. 17003/ha and benefit cost ratio of 1.66). Hence, the IPM module consisting of application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against semilooper, monitoring of S. litura using pheromone trap, collection and destruction of gregarious stages of defoliators, ETL based application of flubendiamide 39.35 SC against lepidopteran defoliators and profenofos 50 EC against capsule borer and leafhopper can be used for effective, economic and eco-friendly management of insect pests in castor.ICAR-IIO

Determination of an action threshold for tobacco caterpillar in castor

Research paperField experiments were conducted for four years to study the relationship between tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths captured on synthetic sex pheromone trap and associated field population and damage to castor for determining action threshold for this insect, based on number of moth catches in pheromone trap. Peak trap catches, oviposition and larval incidence of S. litura was recorded during September to October. Economic damage of more than 25% defoliation by S. litura was observed during September to November. Pooled analysis of four years data revealed that current week trap catches of moths was found to be significant strong positive correlation with oviposition (r = 0.852 to 0.855), while two and three week after moth catches in trap recorded significant strong positive correlation with larval incidence (r = 0.814 to 0.873) and per cent defoliation (r = 0.868 to 0.892) of S. litura in the field, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that the per cent defoliation in the field was a linear function of three week after moth catches in pheromone trap, indicating the possibility of assessing the level of damage from trap catches. From this relationship, the pheromone trap catches corresponding to the economic threshold level of 25% defoliation of S. litura on castor was estimated to be 81.4 moths/trap/week. Thus, pheromone trap based action threshold identified can be used to forecast the seasonal status of S. litura.ICAR-IIO

Field efficacy of newer insecticides against sucking insect pests in castorAvailable

Research paperField experiments were conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the efficacy of four newer insecticides (clothianidin 50WG @ 25 g a.i./ha, flonicamid 50WG @ 50 g a.i./ha, acetamiprid 20SP @ 20 g a.i./ha, thiamethoxam 25WG @ 50 g a.i./ha) along with two conventional insecticides (profenofos 50EC @ 250 g a.i./ha and dimethoate 30EC @ 250 g a.i./ha) against sucking insect pests viz., leafhopper (Empoasca flavescens) and thrips (Retithrips syriacus) in castor. Based on pooled analysis of three years data, per cent reduction of leafhopper was found to be higher in clothianidin (99.2% reduction over untreated control) followed by acetamiprid (97.6%) and dimethoate (97.2%). Clothianidin provided 95.1 per cent reduction in thrips population followed by dimethoate (89.4%) and acetamiprid (86.6%). Significantly highest seed yield was harvested from the clothianidin treated plots (1116 kg/ha) followed by profenofos (1017 kg/ha) and acetamiprid (1012 kg/ha), which were at par with each other, whereas the lowest yield was recorded in untreated control (729 kg/ha). The maximum net return (` 16068/ha) and benefitcost ratio (1.70) was obtained with application of clothianidin followed by acetamiprid (` 13548/ha and 1.62) andprofenofos (` 13443/ha and 1.61).ICAR-IIO

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Not AvailableSafflower, (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of humanity's oldest oilseed crops grown traditionally for its flowers for dyes and oil for culinary and industrial use. It is a hardy crop grown on residual moisture during winter season in black clayey soils. In India, safflower has been cultivated in 2.95 lakh ha and produced about 1.89 lakh t. with a productivity of 642 kgiha. Its cultivation is mostly confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. In Andhra Pradesh (AP), Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar it is cultivated to limited extent. In Andhra Pradesh, the crop was cultivated in 13,000 ha and produced 6,000 t. with a productivity of 462 kg/ha and is confined to Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Medak, Kurnool and Anantapur (Damodaram and Hegde, 20 I 0). In order to show the performance of improved technologies in the farmers fields, the frontline demonstrations(FLDs) were conducted during the years 2006-07 and 2008-09 with an objective of increasing the productivity potential and economics of improved cultivars and find out yield gaps, constraints and expectations under rainfed condition. The details are presented as below.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFive statistical models, linear response and plateau (LRP), quadratic response and plateau (QRP), logistic, quadratic and square root were compared to describe castor seed yield response to phosphate fertilization under irrigated conditions of Junagadh and S K Nagar regions. Adjusted R2 values explained the variability in castor seed yield response to P fertilization, but the optimum phosphorus (Pop) values calculated by these models varied greatly. Overall the QRP followed by LRP model fitted the data with less bias than the other models, and calculated Pop values for Junagadh and S K Nagar (37.1 and 25.6 kg/ha respectively) were comparable with the P doses reported in literature.Not Availabl