33 research outputs found

    Antropometria das órbitas e da incisura/forame supraorbital em crânios secos provenientes da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Anthropometry of orbits and supraorbital notch/foramen in dry skulls from the midwest Region of Brazil

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    A órbita é uma abertura na parte anterior do crânio, envolvendo sete ossos em suas paredes: frontal, zigomático, maxilar, palatino, lacrimal, esfenóide e etmóide; fissuras orbitais superior e inferior e o canal óptico. O estudo busca compartilhar com o âmbito anatômico e com a clínica médica, um conjunto de dados e análises acerca da órbita e estruturas. Uma vez que somente a prevenção e o conhecimento das áreas de risco podem assegurar bons resultados e baixos índices de complicações, almeja-se corroborar com a edificação de futuras pesquisas que envolvam tal temática, que poderão proporcionar benefícios ao corpo social acometido por afecções orbitárias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os aspectos antropométricos de órbitas em crânios secos da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, bem como analisar a incidência da incisura/forame supraorbital e mensurar a sua posição a partir da estimativa mediolateral em crânios secos. Ademais, se há uma relação da sua existência e da sua posição entre os sexos. Foram utilizados 108 crânios do acervo do Laboratório de Anatomia da UFMS CPTL, divididos em sexos masculino e feminino. Com o auxílio de um paquímetro foram avaliados a morfometria de 92 órbitas no sentido médio-lateral (ML): do ektokonchion (ponto localizado na borda externa da órbita) até a sutura maxilofrontal, e dorsoventral (DV): medida perpendicularmente aos pontos utilizados para avaliação da largura. Além disso, analisou-se a incidência da incisura/forame supraorbital, e foram avaliados a distância médio-nasal (MN): do ponto médio da incisura/forame até a linha mediana do crânio (acima do osso nasal) e médio-lateral (MLa): do ponto médio até o processo zigomático do osso frontal. Os resultados foram descritos em médias, feminino: órbita direita ML 37,53 mm, DV: 34,9 mm; esquerda ML: 37,73 mm, DV: 34,48 mm; masculino: órbita direita ML: 38,63 mm, DV: 35,58 mm; esquerda ML: 38,85 mm, DV: 35,13 mm. Na análise comparativa entre as médias dos grupos (teste t), notamos diferença significativa na distância ML direita (p = 0,006) e esquerda (p = 0,009), distância DV apresentou diferença na órbita esquerda (p = 0,004), direita (p = 0,400). Os resultados de prevalência em 92 crânios demonstram que em órbitas femininas direita: 31 possuem incisuras e 9 forames; esquerdas: 33 incisuras e 7 forames; em órbitas masculinas direitas: 40 incisuras e 11 forames; órbitas esquerdas: 39 incisuras e 12 forames. Um crânio masculino possui forame e incisura em ambas as órbitas. Os valores referentes a mensuração foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente, onde encontramos diferença estatística principalmente ao que corresponde a sua posição na órbita esquerda quando comparados entre os grupos. Assim, foi possível identificar divergência entre as dimensões encontradas nas órbitas e entre os grupos. Os estudos estatísticos evidenciaram medidas mais expressivas nas estruturas orbitárias esquerdas, em todos os pontos analisados. A avaliação estrutural da órbita e suas regiões anexas é de extrema relevância para o cirurgião, clínico, oftalmologista, radiologista e anatomistas

    Children and Mothers' Preferences of Dentists’ Attire in Public Daycare Centers

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    According to the environment and appearance of the professional in the dental office, the child may have different emotional reactions. New designs and styles of clothing are emerging in the market and offered to health professionals. This study aimed to verify the preference of mothers and children from 3 to 6 years of age concerning dental attire. Material and Method. The sample had 621 preschoolers of both genders, age randomly selected in public daycare centers in 6 cities, covering the Brazil states of Tocantins, Goiás, Pará, and Bahia. The study was conducted with a child playful projective test and an interview questionnaire for the mothers. The results among children's preferences of dental attire from daycare centers in different cities showed a statistically significant correlation at the level of 5% (P < 0.0001). The mother’s preferences for attire showed a significant correlation at the level of 5 % (P = 0.0004). The children's preferences were for colorful attires, and their respective mothers prefer blue color. This selection has no cultural character nor for the family environment, as demonstrated in the various places the non-predominance of a single preference they mothers and their children. Preschool children were able to select their game options with this infant test

    Utilização de drone na identificação de vacas com dispositivo colante para auxiliar a detecção de estro / Use of a drone to identify cows with a sticky device to aid in estrus detection

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate images captured using a drone to determine the presence of estrus detection adhesives in bovine females. 56 healthy, reproductive age and extensively reared cows were used. An adhesive was attached to each female in the region of the caudal insertion to detect estrus. The animals were divided into seven experimental groups (n=8), as follows: Group 1 (control) - females without adhesive; Group 2 - females with adhesive without any scraping area (100% gray); Group 3 - females with dark rump coat with 50% green shaving adhesive; Group 4 - females with dark rump coat with 50% orange shaving adhesive; Group 5 - females with pale rump coat with 50% green shaving adhesive; Group 6 - females with pale rump coat with 50% orange peel adhesive; Group 7 - females with dark rump coat with 25% orange shaving adhesive. The presence, color and degree of scraping of the adhesive were analyzed according to the influence of flight time and height, coat color and the presence or absence of clouds at the time of image capture. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means to Tukey's test, at 5% significance. There was a statistical difference for the color of the sticker in relation to flight time and coat color (P<0.05), and the flight performed in the late morning and the animals with dark-haired rump showed the best results. The analysis of photographs obtained using a drone showed reliable applicability in bovine females. 

    Contexto brasileiro da Doença de Chagas: Perspectivas atuais sobre epidemiologia, vetores e diagnóstico

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    Este estudo discorre sobre os dados epidemiológicos mais recentes da doença de Chagas no Brasil, conforme apresentados no Boletim Epidemiológico do Ministério da Saúde de abril de 2022. Os resultados revelam uma ampla gama de informações, desde a prevalência da doença em diferentes regiões do país até os índices de vulnerabilidade. Notavelmente, há variações significativas nos indicadores entre estados e macrorregiões de saúde. Além disso, os dados destacam desafios no controle da doença, como a necessidade de intensificar as ações preventivas e de vigilância em áreas mais vulneráveis. Compreender esses padrões epidemiológicos é crucial para orientar políticas públicas direcionadas e estratégias de intervenção, visando reduzir a transmissão da doença e mitigar seus impactos na saúde pública. Essa análise aprofundada dos dados epidemiológicos fornece uma base sólida para o desenvolvimento de medidas eficazes de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da doença de Chagas, contribuindo assim para o avanço no controle dessa enfermidade no Brasil

    A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

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    Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

    ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

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    Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

    Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

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    Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

    Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

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    Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

    Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

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    The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

    Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

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    From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
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