CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH INDUCED BY FIXED ORTHODONTIC THERAPY

Aim of the study The purpose of our study is to present the clinical aspects of gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic therapy and to highlight the tissue changes of this gingival lesion. Materials and methods Biopsies of the gingival mucosa were taken from subjects diagnosed with gingival overgrowth and who were undergoing orthodontic therapy. The gingival mucosa samples were processed in the histology laboratory of University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova and the usual histological staining (hematoxylin-eosin) was performed. Results Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a condition characterized by an increase in gingival size, often observed in patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. The gingival enlargement begins o two or three months after the insertion of orthodontic appliance. The main causes of gingival overgrowth during orthodontic treatment include increased plaque accumulation due to challenges in maintaining oral hygiene with fixed appliances. Another cause is represented by the excessive pressure exerted by the orthodontic forces on the periodontium.Various factors influence the development of gingival overgrowth, including gender, age, and duration of orthodontic treatment. Conclusions Gingival overgrowth of orthodontic etiology can take on various clinical and morphological aspects and depends on the status of oral hygiene, the duration and correctness of orthodontic therapy

ORAL CANCER: ETIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS. LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction The heterogeneity of head and neck cancers poses challenges in treatment planning, necessitating a nuanced approach.Materials and methods We have carried out a literature review that highlights the risk factors in the onset of oral and head and neck cancers. We also addressed the therapeutic aspects and the influence of epigenetics.Results In identifying risk factors, our literature research highlights systemic causes such as age, gender, heredity, race, socio-economic status, and immunodeficiency. Local causes, including tobacco and alcohol use, chronic traumas, chronic infections, and the role of viruses, underscore the multifactorial nature of oral cancer etiology. Addressing prevention strategies, our review underscores the potential of probiotics in suppressing oral cancer cell proliferation, with specific strains demonstrating efficacy in reducing mucositis caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, the role of vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and compounds like curcumin in chemoprevention is explored. The Mediterranean diet emerges as a potential preventive measure, given its association with reduced cancer risk due to its rich content of monounsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and dietary fiber. Conclusions In conclusion, the intricate interplay of various risk factors underscores the multifactorial nature of oral cancer, with systemic and local influences contributing to its onset and progression. Age, gender, heredity, race, socio-economic status, immunodeficiency, and lifestyle choices such as tobacco, alcohol, and poor oral hygiene collectively elevate the risk. Specific chronic infections, the role of viruses, and even certain medications further contribute to the complexity of this disease