Some new results on domination roots of a graph

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. The domination polynomial of $G$ is the polynomial $D(G,\lambda)=\sum_{i=0}^{n} d(G,i) \lambda^{i}$, where $d(G,i)$ is the number of dominating sets of $G$ of size $i$. Every root of $D(G,\lambda)$ is called the domination root of $G$. We present families of graphs whose their domination polynomial have no nonzero real roots. We observe that these graphs have complex domination roots with positive real part. Then, we consider the lexicographic product of two graphs and obtain a formula for domination polynomial of this product. Using this product, we construct a family of graphs which their domination roots are dense in all of $\mathbb{C}$

A study of reciprocal Dunford-Pettis-like properties on Banach spaces

In this article, we study the relationship between $p$-$(V)$ subsets and p-$V^*$ subsets of dual spaces. We investigate the Banach space X with the property that adjoint every $p$-convergent operator $T: X \rightarrow Y$ is weakly $q$-compact, for every Banach space $Y$. Moreover, we define the notion of $q$-reciprocal Dunford-Pettis$\^*$property of order $p$ on Banach spaces and obtain a characterization of Banach spaces with this property. The stability of reciprocal Dunford-Pettis property of order $p$ for the projective tensor product is given

Final title: "More on domination polynomial and domination root" Previous title: "Graphs with domination roots in the right half-plane"

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order n. The domination polynomial of G is the polynomial D(G,x) =\sum d(G, i)x^i, where d(G,i) is the number of dominating sets of G of size i. Every root of D(G,x) is called the domination root of G. It is clear that (0,\infty) is zero free interval for domination polynomial of a graph. It is interesting to investigate graphs which have complex domination roots with positive real parts. In this paper, we first investigate complexity of the domination polynomial at specific points. Then we present and investigate some families of graphs whose complex domination roots have positive real part.Comment: 18 Pages, 6 Figures. To appear in Ars Combi

Domination polynomial of clique cover product of graphs

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. The domination polynomial of $G$ is the polynomial $D(G, x)=\sum_{i=1}^n d(G,i) x^i$, where $d(G,i)$ is the number of dominating sets of $G$ of size $i$. For two graphs $G$ and $H$, let $\mathcal{C} = \{C_1,C_2, \cdots, C_k\}$ be a clique cover of $G$ and $U\subseteq V(H)$. We consider clique cover product which denoted by $G^\mathcal{C} \star H^U$ and obtained from $G$ as follows: for each clique $C_i \in \mathcal{C}$, add a copy of the graph $H$ and join every vertex of $C_i$ to every vertex of $U$. We prove that the domination polynomial of clique cover product $G^\mathcal{C} \star H^{V(H)}$ or simply $G^\mathcal{C} \star H$ is $$D(G^\mathcal{C} \star H,x)=\prod_{i=1}^k\Big [\big((1+x)^{n_i}-1\big)(1+x)^{|V(H)|}+D(H,x)\Big],$$ where each clique $C_i \in \mathcal{C}$ has $n_i$ vertices. As results, we study the $\mathcal{D}$-equivalence classes of some families of graphs. Also we completely describe the $\mathcal{D}$-equivalence classes of friendship graphs constructed by coalescence $n$ copies of the cycle graph of length three with a common vertex.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

The distinguishing index of graphs with at least one cycle is not more than its distinguishing number

The distinguishing number (index) $D(G)$ ($D'(G)$) of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has an vertex (edge) labeling with $d$ labels that is preserved only by the trivial automorphism. It is known that for every graph $G$ we have $D'(G) \leq D(G) + 1$. The complete characterization of finite trees $T$ with $D'(T)=D(T)+ 1$ has been given recently. In this note we show that if $G$ is a finite connected graph with at least one cycle, then $D'(G)\leq D(G)$. Finally, we characterize all connected graphs for which $D'(G) \leq D(G)$

The distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of co-normal product of two graphs

The distinguishing number (index) $D(G)$ ($D'(G)$) of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has an vertex labeling (edge labeling) with $d$ labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The co-normal product $G\star H$ of two graphs $G$ and $H$ is the graph with vertex set $V (G)\times V (H)$ and edge set $\{\{(x_1, x_2), (y_1, y_2)\} | x_1y_1 \in E(G) ~{\rm or}~x_2y_2 \in E(H)\}$. In this paper we study the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of the co-normal product of two graphs. We prove that for every $k \geq 3$, the $k$-th co-normal power of a connected graph $G$ with no false twin vertex and no dominating vertex, has the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index equal two.Comment: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1703.0187

Operator revision of a Ky Fan type inequality

Let $\mathscr{H}$ be a complex Hilbert space and $A,B\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$ such that $0<A,B\leq\frac{1}{2}I$. Setting $A':=I-A$ and $B':=I-B$, we prove $$A'\nabla_\lambda B'-A'!_\lambda B' \leq A\nabla_\lambda B-A!_\lambda B,$$ where $\nabla_\lambda$ and $!_\lambda$ denote the weighted arithmetic and harmonic operator means, respectively. This inequality is the natural extension of a Ky Fan type inequality due to H. Alzer. Some parallel and related results are also obtained

Randic energy of specific graphs

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G) = \{v_1, v_2,..., v_n\}$. The Randi\'{c} matrix of $G$, denoted by $R(G)$, is defined as the $n\times n$ matrix whose $(i,j)$-entry is $(d_id_j)^{\frac{-1}{2}}$ if $v_i$ and $v_j$ are adjacent and $0$ for another cases. Let the eigenvalues of the Randi\'{c} matrix $R(G)$ be $\rho_1\geq \rho_2\geq ...\geq \rho_n$ which are the roots of the Randi\'c characteristic polynomial $\prod_{i=1}^n (\rho-\rho_i)$. The Randi\'{c} energy $RE$ of $G$ is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of $R(G)$. In this paper we compute the Randi\'c characteristic polynomial and the Randi\'c energy for specific graphs $G$.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

On the saturation number of graphs

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph. A matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is a collection of edges of $G$ such that no two edges from $M$ share a vertex. A matching $M$ is maximal if it cannot be extended to a larger matching in $G$. The cardinality of any smallest maximal matching in $G$ is the saturation number of $G$ and is denoted by $s(G)$. In this paper we study the saturation number of the corona product of two specific graphs. We also consider some graphs with certain constructions that are of importance in chemistry and study their saturation number.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Some families of graphs with no nonzero real domination roots

Let G be a simple graph of order n. The domination polynomial is the generating polynomial for the number of dominating sets of G of each cardinality. A root of this polynomial is called a domination root of G. Obviously 0 is a domination root of every graph G. In the study of the domination roots of graphs, this naturally raises the question: which graphs have no nonzero real domination roots? In this paper we present some families of graphs whose have this property.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.209