Fertilización organomineral, efecto sobre física del suelo pardo mullido carbonatado, rendimiento y calidad del ‘FHIA -18’

El trabajo se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT) en el municipio Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización órgano-mineral sobre las propiedades físicas de un suelo Pardo mullido carbonatado, rendimiento y calidad del ‘FHIA 18’ en un suelo Pardo mullido carbonatado. Se desarrollaron dos experimentos con cuatro réplicas. Experimento: (1): 1-Testigo absoluto, 2- 5 Kg Ceniza, 3-Testigo relativo (6kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +3Kg Cachaza aplicado en siembra y a los 6 meses, 4-100% NPK, 5-18kg Cachaza, 6-14kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza, 7- 10kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza 8- 6Kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza. Experimento (2): 1-Testigo absoluto, 2- 5 Kg. Ceniza, 3-Testigo relativo (6kg Cachaza en siembra + 25% NPK +3Kg Cachaza aplicado a los 6 meses), 4-100% NPK, 5-7kg Humus, 6-5kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza, 7- 3kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza 8- 1Kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza. La combinación de 14kg de Cachaza+25%NPK+ 5Kg Ceniza15, 84 Kg/por planta (60,19 t/Ha), mostró el mayor peso del racimo y rendimiento por hectárea, con humus el mejor resulto fue con 5kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza y 3kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. (14,43kg/por planta y 14,68 Kg/por planta) (54,83 t/Ha y 54,78 t/Ha). La variante NPK 100% disminuyó la materia orgánica. La aplicación de ceniza aumentó los niveles de fósforo y potasio asimilable. Los materiales orgánicos mejoraron las características químicas del suelo

Fertilización organomineral, efecto sobre física del suelo pardo mullido carbonatado, rendimiento y calidad del ‘FHIA -18’

El trabajo se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT) en el municipio Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización órgano-mineral sobre las propiedades físicas de un  suelo Pardo mullido carbonatado, rendimiento y calidad del ‘FHIA 18’ en un suelo Pardo mullido carbonatado. Se desarrollaron dos experimentos con cuatro réplicas. Experimento: (1): 1-Testigo absoluto, 2- 5 Kg Ceniza, 3-Testigo relativo (6kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +3Kg Cachaza aplicado en siembra y a los 6 meses, 4-100% NPK, 5-18kg Cachaza, 6-14kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza, 7- 10kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza 8- 6Kg Cachaza + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza. Experimento (2): 1-Testigo absoluto, 2- 5 Kg. Ceniza, 3-Testigo relativo (6kg Cachaza en siembra + 25% NPK +3Kg Cachaza aplicado a los 6 meses), 4-100% NPK, 5-7kg Humus, 6-5kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza, 7- 3kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza 8- 1Kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza.  La combinación de 14kg de Cachaza+25%NPK+ 5Kg Ceniza15, 84 Kg/por planta (60,19 t/Ha), mostró el mayor  peso del racimo  y rendimiento por hectárea, con  humus el mejor resulto fue con 5kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. Ceniza  y   3kg Humus + 25% NPK +5 Kg. (14,43kg/por planta y 14,68 Kg/por planta) (54,83 t/Ha y 54,78 t/Ha). La variante NPK 100% disminuyó la materia orgánica. La aplicación de ceniza aumentó los niveles de fósforo y potasio asimilable. Los materiales orgánicos mejoraron las características químicas del suelo

Relations between indicator quality properties, into two subtypes of brown soils in the province of Villa Clara

In this work the morphological and chemical characteristics are compared on the deck of the subtypes, fluffy and vertic, addition of relations between structural stability and organic matter in the soils evaluated. The samplings were conducted in soils under different management systems in the municipalities Ranchuelo and Santa Clara. The indicators studied were soil pH, calcium, value T, organic matter, structure factor and the stable aggregates. The results show that in both subtypes there is a strong relationship between soil properties, organic matter, structure factor and the stable aggregates which confirms the importance of these properties as indicators of the soil quality related to the management

Effect of biofertilization in the morpho physiology and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Cuba principally in small farm areas because its role as a principal component of the daily diet. The use of effective native rhizobia as natural biofertilizer will positive contributes to the production of this grain. In order to evaluate the effect of single Rhizobium pisi and EcoMic® inoculation on morphological parameters and yield of common bean, was performed the present research at the intermediate sowing season of the 2015-2016 (November - January). The study was developed in farm´s areas of CCS "Lino del Rio" under an Inceptisol soil in the municipality of Placetas in Villa Clara province. In the study, the genotype Delicia-364 was used and the parameters of nodulation, root and shoot biomass and yield were evaluated, as well as the possible mechanisms of plant growth promotion of the strains used. All the inoculation variants increased the nodulation and, consequently, the dry biomass. The maximum values in the number of nodules were observed with the inoculation of R. pisi 40983. The yield and its components were positively stimulated with the inoculation of R. pisi 40983 (362 kg ha-1) and 40982 (357 kg ha-1)

Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Stratification in Schoolchildren from Santa Clara

Background: noncommunicable diseases have been among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and in Cuba for more than 20 years. These include: obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. These pathologies appear from childhood and their prevention must begin from an early age. Objectives: to determine obesity, stratify cardiometabolic risk and promote healthy lifestyles in schoolchildren from Santa Clara. Methods: an epidemiological, descriptive investigation with a cross-sectional design was carried out on 959 schoolchildren between 8 and 12 years of age in Santa Clara and between 2012 and 2020. Computer programs were developed, which allowed studying obesity and calculating body mass indexes, waist -hip and waist-height. Variables were included such as: age, sex, skin color, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, personal and family pathological history, clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Double-entry contingency tables were used to record the frequency of appearance of the values of two variables simultaneously. Non-parametric tests were applied, such as Chi Square for factor independence and proportion difference hypothesis test for independent groups. Results: 17.94 % of schoolchildren were overweight and 15.95 % obese. 4.48 % were moderately obese and 9.18 % were severely obese. The means of cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid increased with the degree of obesity. Cardiometabolic risk estimates were developed in Android and WEB formats.Conclusions: there are high percentages of obese and overweight. The waist-hip ratio was the best predictor of cardiometabolic risk in the study conducted in Santa Clara. Greater clinical and educational intervention is required, which guarantees the adoption of healthier lifestyles.</p

Effects of phosphate limestone on structure and quality under sugarcane vertisoles

The work was developed in sugarcane areas of cuban vertisols of the north coast of the province of Villa Clara municipality of Sagua la Grande, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of phosphate limestone and their combinations with fertilizers and organic manure on the structure and quality of vertisols under sugarcane cultivation. An experiment with phosphate limestone levels and combinations with organic manure (compost, filter cake) and fertilizers (NPK) was carried out on a wasstrip-block design. A soil analysis was performedat the depth of 0-20 and 20 -40 cm 36 months after the application of treatments. Organic matter, stable aggregates, factor structure, permeability, T value, exchangeable cations, index soil quality and productivity of sugarcane were evaluated. Phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures manifested significant effects on soil structure both in the surface layer and subsurface with residual impact over time to 36 months. The results show the close relationship between phosphate limestone and there combinations with organic manures on soil quality index additive, yield of sugarcane and economic impact

The biomass of Bambusa vulgaris as an alternative for the recovery of degraded soils

The production of bamboo biomass in reforestation projects can contribute to the regeneration of degraded soils. The work was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Research of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, with the objective of evaluating the quality of bamboo biomass as an alternative to recover degraded soils. A chemical characterization of bamboo biomass, represented by bamboo litter, bamboo humus, bamboo compost and a reference control constituted by earthworm humus from other organic substrates, was carried out. Ash, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn and Fe were evaluated. An experiment was carried out under semi-controlled conditions with 6 randomized block design treatments with the substrates described. Samples were taken from the experiment for the microbiological analysis of fungal and actinomycete bacteria. In addition, an experimental plot was assembled (two representative areas, one of bamboo of 5 years of established, to study the behavior of the species and changes in the soil from 30 cm to 5 m away from the seedling, and another area without bamboo representing the reference of degraded soil (RSD). Samples were taken at the depth of 0-10 cm to evaluate the state of the structure and the consistency of the soil. The results show that the quality of the bamboo biomass significantly improves the biological properties of the soil as well as structure and its consistency

VIS/NIR determination of the organic matter content in agricultural Cambisol soils

Soil samples were collected and analyzed using the VIS/NIR spectroscopy technique to determine the organic matter content of a Cambisol at the “Alvaro Barba Machado” agricultural experimental station, located on the campus of the University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas. Traditional chemical analysis methods were applied, and a portable spectrophotometer was used in the visible (379-780 nm) and near infrared (780-1702 nm) ranges. Both datasets obtained were correlated by using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. The chemical analysis results showed there was a low percentage of organic matter content in the sampled soil. Spectral analysis showed a peak in the soil spectra around 1350 - 1430 nm range, due to the presence of water particles and other components. The mathematical model obtained describes the organic matter percentage from the linear combination of the reflectance percentage for each wavelength, where dependence was significant by 88%