Pengaruh lagu Tulus terhadap sikap Qona'ah siswa remaja kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut : Studi lapangan pada siswa remaja kelas VIII yang mengenal lagu Tulus Album Manusia di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut

Pada masa kini seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi informasi yang dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh siapapun, kapanpun, dan dimanapun, seprti platform mendengarkan lagu seperti YouTube Music, Joox, atau Spotify dan masih banyak platform music lainnya. Individu dapat memilih lagu yang ingin ia dengarkan pada saat itu. Lagu-lagu yang mereka dengarkan dapat mempengaruhi pemikiran mereka, pemikiran inilah yang menjadikan latar belakang atau alasan setiap perilakunya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dua hal, yang pertama ialah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan siswa mengenai sikap qona’ah dan keterlibatan siswa dalam sebuah karya seni salah satunya karya seni musik yaitu lagu, dan yang kedua ialah untuk mengukur berapa besar pengaruh lagu Tulus terhadap sikap qona’ah siswa remaja kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut. Pada penelitian kali ini, peneliti melakukan penelitian pada pengaruh lagu Tulus terhadap sikap qona’ah siswa remaja kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut, meneliti bagaimana sebuah lagu dapat mempengaruhi sikap qona’ah pada remaja. Qona’ah adalah suatu sikap merasa cukup dengan pemberian Allah SWT dan kalaupun telah menerima, maka ia akan dengan sukarela membaginya. Metode penelitian yang peneliti gunakan ialah studi lapangan pada siswa remaja kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 3 Banyuresmi Garut yang senang mendengarkan lagu Tulus. Sedangkan pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket atau kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui guru Bimbingan Konseling, lalu data yang telah didapatkan diolah dengan bantuan SPSS 26.0 for windows. Sumber data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner di lapangan dan data sekunder yaitu hasil studi Pustaka dari buku, jurnal, dan skripsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lagu Tulus pada album Manusia dapat memengaruhi sikap qona’ah siswa remaja kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut yang terdapat pada koefisien regresi variabel bebas (asumsi Lagu Tulus) menggambarkan bahwa arah hubungan variabel bebas X dengan variabel terikat Y (Sikap Qona’ah) adalah positif, dimana setiap kenaikan satu satuan variable asumsi Lagu Tulus akan menyebabkan kenaikan sebesar 0,644 pada sikap qona’ah siswa remaja di SMPN 3 Banyuresmi Garut. Berdasarkan tabel dapat diketahui bahwa responden sebanyak 53 orang dihasilkan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,634

Identification of Conflict in Short Story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell

The title taken in this study is Identification of Conflict in Short Story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of conflict experienced by the main character in the short story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell. In this research, the writer started by collecting data by noting things related to the title of this research. The results of the research in the short story The Most Dangerous Game show that conflict plays an important role in human life as a means of changing humans for the better. In this study, there are two conflicts experienced by the main character, namely internal conflict and external conflict, external conflict is divided into two, namely physical conflict and social conflict. The approach used in this study is an objective approach with the research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method which is carried out by describing or giving an overview of the object being studied through the data collected as it is. Keywords: External conflict, Internal conflict, The Most Dangerous Game, Richard Connel

Analisis Hambatan Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Praktikum Di SMA

Laboratorium berperan sebagai tempat untuk peserta didik melatih keterampilan melalui berbagai macam kegiatan seperti eksperimen maupun aktivitas ilmiah lainnya. Praktikum sudah menjadi komponen penting dalam pembelajaran biologi. Namun kenyataan pelaksanaan praktikum di sekolah masih belum berjalan dengan baik. Kurang berjalannya praktikum di sekolah merupakan suatu hal yang dapat mengkhawatirkan dalam proses pembelajaran biologi. Tindakan yang dilakukan  dengan mengumpulkan masalah/kendala penyebab tidak terlaksananya kegiatan praktikum secara optimal dan mencari solusi alternatif penyelesaian masalah praktikum biologi di SMA. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan praktikum biologi dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan memberikan solusi terkait kegiatan praktikum biologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap guru biologi di SMAN 2 Buntok yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah untuk menggambarkan keadaan pada proses pembelajaran biologi berbasis praktikum serta hambatan guru biologi dalam melaksanakan praktikum tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa hambatan kegiatan praktikum salah satu penyebabnya dikarenakan sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai dan kurang kreatifnya guru dalam merencanakan kegiatan praktikum yang memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar. Siswa lebih tertarik dengan pembelajaran biologi berbasis praktikum karena siswa langsung mengamati dan menyentuh secara langsung sehingga siswa akan labih memahami materi yang disampaika

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Analisis aliran perdagangan dan strategi pengembangan ekspor lobster indonesia

One of commodity that could potentially developed for export is lobster, or known as the udang barong as the local name. According to Boesono et al. (2011), crawfish (Spiny lobster, Panulirus sp) is marine fisheries commodity which has important role as a commodity exports of crustaceans (Crustacea). Indonesia was the fifth largest lobster producer after Canada, the United States, Australia, and Bahamas (USDA 2009). Moreover, lobster is the one of fisheries commodity that has high economic value, and had known as luxury commodity. Based on Jones (2008), lobster export market include countries in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and Taiwan as the main market, although there are also products that are sold directly to the northern region of China, Singapore, and Japan. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the export of lobsters has a great potential to be developed. Moreover, there is a trend towards increasing global consumption of fishery products. It is an opportunity for Indonesia to develop the export of lobsters in the International market. Indonesia has to face many challenges in the midst of intense competition in this era of globalization. However, the export volume of lobster Indonesia has decreased in recent years. In 2014 there has been a decline in exports of fresh and frozen lobster by 38%, from the previous 5 thousand tons to 3.2 thousand tons. In addition, the export value of lobster in 2014 also declined by 40% from the previous year (BPS 2015b). The purposes of this research are (1) identifying the position of Indonesian lobster competitiveness in International market (2) analyze factors affecting trade flow of Indonesian lobster to the export destination countries (3) formulating of the development strategy of Indonesian lobster expor. This research using RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and EPD (Export Product Dynamic) to identified the position of Indonesian lobster competitiveness. Factors affecting trade flow of Indonesian lobster export is analyzed by export demand function using panel data method. The type of data used to answer both of those purposes is secondary data consists of time series data from 2005 to 2014 and cross setion data from several export destination countries. Then, development strategy of Indonesian lobster export is formulated using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) considering the experts opinion. Based on analysis of RCA, Indonesia has the most competitive performance in Hongkong. Meanwhile, in Taiwan, China, Malaysia, and Australia Indonesian lobster competitiveness is also quite good, although in some study period, RCA value in these countries is still less than 1 (RCA <1). As in Japan, United States, and Singapore Indonesian lobster competitiveness showed weak results due to less competitive in supplying lobster than other exporting countries. EPD analysis results indicate that only the United States and Taiwan who are in the most desirable position (Rising Star). Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia market needs to get more attention because it is in a position Lost Opportunity, lobster Indonesia is not competitive in these countries so that the available market is filled by other exporting countries. China market is in a position Falling Star allegedly because of a slowdown in the growth of China's economy that impact on the decreasing demand for imported products. Meanwhile, Indonesian lobster competitiveness in Japan and Hong Kong is in Retreat position as the market is in saturation. Estimate of panel data using export demand function shows that all the factors affecting trade flow Indonesian lobster exports to the destination country (GDP per capita, economic distance, exchange rate, export price, and free trade agreement) are significantly affect the value of lobster exports. Based on the pairwise comparison using AHP, alternative recommendations that are prioritized in the development strategy of export lobster Indonesia are infrastructure and aquaculture development technology, followed by trade regulation, and improving product quality

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was$216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with$195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was$1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this