Spectroscopy Characterization of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Degradation by Different Kinds of Accelerated Aging

يقدم البحث رؤية حول التشوه الحاصل في التركيب الكيمياوي للبوليمر المشترك المتحلل  اثلين فنيل الخلات EVA وذلك بحسب تغير نسبة قيم ثوابت المعدل المستحصلة من منحنيات الحركية الطيفية للعينات المتحللة. اذ تم تحديد  تضبيط رسم منحنيات الحركية الطيفية للفلورة ولمجالين مميزين من الاطوال الموجية لشدات الفلورة. حيث أظهرت الاطوال الموجية القصيرة (320-400 nm) تداخلا في الاطياف, بينما عند الاطوال الموجية الطويلة (400-800 nm) بدت الاطياف منتظمة وحسب أزمنة التعتيق المعجل. أن النسبة لثابت معدل سرعة التفاعل  عند الاطوال الموجية الطويلة الى ثابت معدل سرعة التفاعل للاطوال الموجية القصيرة هو المعيار لدرجة التشوه في البنية الكيمياوية. حيث يعتمد المعامل المولاري الخارجي على البنية الكيمياوية. من خلال قياس الامتصاصية, تم تصنيف نماذج EVA الى مجموعتين. اذ ان وجود اضافات Cyasorb هي النقطة الرئيسية في التصنيف. تم دراسة تأثير الأنواع المختلفة للتعتيق المعجل وهي, تسخين جاف عند 115 ℃و تسخين رطب عند رطوبة نسبية مقدارها 85% ودرجة حرارة 85 ℃ وتعتيق التشعيع بالاشعة فوق البنفسجية عند درجة حرارة 65 ℃ وعند ازمنة تعتيق مختلفة لكل مجموعة. وقد تم مناقشة نتائج اطياف الامتصاص والفلورة للعينات. اجمالا, فان اضافة Cyasorb تسبب تشوه اعلى في التركيب الكيمياوي عند تحلل. EVA  أن العامل الاكثر تأثيرا هو التعتيق الرطب بينما الاقل يحصل بواسطة التشعيع بالاشعة فوق البنفسجية. بينما تغير التركيب الكيمياوي الاكبر يحدث للعينة الخالية من اضافة Cyasorb , حيث ينتج من التعتيق الرطب أما التغير الاقل فينتج بواسطة التسخين الجاف.            This paper presents a sight about the chemical structure deformation of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) samples according to the change ratio of rate constant values. Spectroscopy kinetics fluorescence curves are fitted for two characteristic wavelength domains of fluorescent intensities. The short wavelengths (320-400 nm) domain show spectra overlapping, while at long wavelengths (400-800 nm) domain spectra are arranged in regular for each specific accelerated aging time. The ratio of kinetics rate constant at long wavelengths to kinetics rate constant of short wavelengths is the criterion of the degree chemical structure deformation. Molar extrinsic coefficient relies on the chemical structure change. Through absorbance measurement, EVA samples have been classified into two groups. Presence of Cyasorb additive is the key point of the ranking. The effect of three different accelerated aging of dry (115 oC), damp (85% moisture, 85 oC), and irradiated (UV, 65 oC) aging have been considered for two samples of each group over different aging time. Spectroscopy of absorbance and fluorescent for aged samples have been discussed. In general, Cyasorb adding causes higher chemical structure deformation for the EVA sample. The most effective factor is the damp aging and the less one is the UV irradiation aging, while the biggest chemical structure change of Cyasorb-free sample is produced by damp aging and the less by dry heat.  &nbsp

N-doped TiO2 synthesised via microwave induced photocatalytic on RR4 dye removal under LED light irradiation

Nitrogen doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) was synthesized by microwave using urea as nitrogen sources with commercially available TiO2-P25. The N-doped TiO2 was compared with unmodified TiO2 by carrying out the investigation on its properties using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The photocatalytic activities of N-doped TiO2 and unmodified TiO2 were studied for photodegradation of reactive red 4 (RR4) under light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation. An active photoresponse under LED light irradiation was observed from N-doped TiO2 with 60 min of time irradiation to complete RR4 color removal while no photocatalytic degradation was observed from unmodified

Spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of Bendiocarb insecticide in water samples using chromogenic reagent 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Objective: Bendiocarb (BEN) is an acutely toxic carbamate insecticide which is used in public places and agriculture. The present study describes a new, sensitive, and accurate flow injection analysis method for the determination of BEN in its pesticide formulations and water samples.Methods: The developed method is based on an alkaline hydrolysis of BEN in NaOH, and the resultant product was coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhdrazin in the presence of sodium periodate to form red-colored product which measured at 515 nm.Results: Under the optimum conditions established (sample volume 150 μL, flow rate 2 mL/min, with 75 cm reaction coil length) for spectrophotometric determination of Bendiocarb. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 1–150 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.738 μg/mL, with average recovery of 100.737 and relative standard deviation % of 1.331%.Conclusion: The established method was successfully applied for the determination of BEN in pesticide formulation and real spiked water sample

Occurrence of Hysterothylacium Species (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from Some Marine Fishes from Iraqi Waters

Parasitological investigation of 22 species of marine fishes in territorial Iraqi waters, during the period from October 2019 till September 2020, revealed recording of six different species of Hysterothylacium Ward & Magath, 1917 in different developmental stages. These nematodes including two species in adult stage of Hysterothylacium viz, H. reliquens (Norris & Overstreet, 1975) and Hysterothylacium sp. (females only), two species of fourth larval stages (Hysterothylacium sp. type BH and Hysterothylacium sp. type BI) and two species of third larval stages (Hysterothylacium sp. type BA and Hysterothylacium sp. type BC). Identification of Hysterothylacium sp. was based on female only isolated from Blackfin stonefish Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day, 1875; Hysterothylacium sp. type BH 4th larval stage isolated from Arabian backspot threadfin Polydactylus mullani (Hora, 1926) and Hysterothylacium sp. type BI 4th larval stage from purple-spotted bigeye Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846; all these parasitic nematodes recorded for the first time in the Arabian Gulf. In addition, 14 fish species are considered as new hosts for Hysterothylacium sp. type BC 3rd larval stage. Description of female Hysterothylacium sp., Hysterothylacium sp. type BH and BI both 4th larval stages are given. The interest record of inverse intestinal caecum in some specimens of 3rd larval stage of Hysterothylacium type BC in some marine fishes of the current study is given

Performance of a Nano PbS/Si Hetrojunction Deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis

ABSTRACT: Deposition of polycrystalline Lead sulfide nano thin films onto Si and glass substrates at temperatures (200-300 °C) was carried out by chemical spraying route using optimized preparative conditions. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of PbS semiconducting films with orthorhombic structure. The electrical and optical properties of the nano crystalline thin films were studied aiming to better understanding for the electrical and opto-electrical properties of a hetrojunction with p-type Si. It was found that, the average grain size of PbS in the films was between 4 nm and 7 nm. The band gap was also calculated from the absorption co-efficient curves and showed a blue shift due to the grain size of the nan o PbS in the films. The current-voltage (I-V) and photoresponse characteristics were obtained with different illumination intensities. The detector exhibits an evident wide-range spectral responsivity

Occurrence of Hysterothylacium Species (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from Some Marine Fishes from Iraqi Waters

Parasitological investigation of 22 species of marine fishes in territorial Iraqi waters, during the period from October 2019 till September 2020, revealed recording of six different species of Hysterothylacium Ward & Magath, 1917 in different developmental stages. These nematodes including two species in adult stage of Hysterothylacium viz, H. reliquens (Norris & Overstreet, 1975) and Hysterothylacium sp. (females only), two species of fourth larval stages (Hysterothylacium sp. type BH and Hysterothylacium sp. type BI) and two species of third larval stages (Hysterothylacium sp. type BA and Hysterothylacium sp. type BC). Identification of Hysterothylacium sp. was based on female only isolated from Blackfin stonefish Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day, 1875; Hysterothylacium sp. type BH 4th larval stage isolated from Arabian backspot threadfin Polydactylus mullani (Hora, 1926) and Hysterothylacium sp. type BI 4th larval stage from purple-spotted bigeye Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846; all these parasitic nematodes recorded for the first time in the Arabian Gulf. In addition, 14 fish species are considered as new hosts for Hysterothylacium sp. type BC 3rd larval stage. Description of female Hysterothylacium sp., Hysterothylacium sp. type BH and BI both 4th larval stages are given. The interest record of inverse intestinal caecum in some specimens of 3rd larval stage of Hysterothylacium type BC in some marine fishes of the current study is given

New algorithms to Enhanced Fused Images from Auto-Focus Images

هذا البحث يقترح طريقة جديدة لدمج صورة ذات التركيز التلقائي بالاعتماد على خوارزميات جديدة. الخوارزمية الأولى تعتمد على حساب الانحراف المعياري لدمج صورتين. الخوارزمية الثانية تتركز على التباين عند نقاط الحافات وطريقة الترابط كعامل معيار لجودة الصورة الناتجة. هذه الخوارزمية تعتمد على ثلاثة مربعات بأحجام مختلفة عند المناطق المتجانسة وتتحرك 10 نقاط ضمن المنطقة المتجانسة.  الصورة الناتجة من الدمج تحتوي على نتائج جيدة في التباين بسبب إضافة نقاط حافات من الصورتين والتي تعتمد على الخوارزميات المقترحة. تم مقارنة النتائج مع طرق مختلفة.Enhancing quality image fusion was proposed using new algorithms in auto-focus image fusion. The first algorithm is based on determining the standard deviation to combine two images. The second algorithm concentrates on the contrast at edge points and correlation method as the criteria parameter for the resulted image quality. This algorithm considers three blocks with different sizes at the homogenous region and moves it 10 pixels within the same homogenous region. These blocks examine the statistical properties of the block and decide automatically the next step. The resulted combined image is better in the contrast value because of the added edge points from the two combined images that depend on the suggested algorithms. This enhancement in edge regions is measured and reaches to double in enhancing the contrast. Different methods are used to be compared with the suggested method

Study of IL-35 levels in Multiple Myeloma patients and its Relation with Immunoglobulins

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disorder characterized by the proliferation of plasma cellsand the second most common hematological standing next to lymphoma. Multiple myeloma patients commonly present with defects in numbers and function of various   immune cells including dendritic cells ,B cells,Tcells and natural kill cells[23].Interleukin- 35 (IL-35) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine suppressing the immune response through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cell development.The present study aimedto investigate the possible role of IL-35 in pathogenesis of MM and its relation withimmunoglobulins such as IgA,IgG and IgM.Forty Iraqis patients with multiple myeloma(G1,G2) and twenty healthy individuals as a control group (G1)were enrolled in this study.Whole blood used for determination of  hemoglobin. Serum samples were used for determination of albumin,total protein using standard procedures of the biochemistry laboratory of hospital. Also immunoglobulin's (IgA,IgG,IgM) and IL-35 were determined in serum.The results revealed a significant increasing in urine total protein ,ESR,creatinine ,uric acid ,BUN, and TP in  patients groups(G2,G3) comparing to control group(G1) while a   significant decrease in albumin and Hb  were found in  patients groups comparing to control .Also a significant differences  was observed in calcium concentration in G3  compared to G2 while there are no differences  was observed between G2 and G1 . The results shown highly significant increase in IgA,IgG, IgM and  IL-35,in  patients groups comparing to control group. Also a significant  differences were noticed in G3 comparing to G2. A highly significant positive correlation between IL-35 and IgA was noted in G2  and G3. Also a highly significant positive correlation between IL-35 and IgG levels was noticed in G2 and G3. Moreover a significant negative correlation founded between IL-35  andIgM in G2  and  G3 .A conclusion could be drown from this study for the first time that MM patients showed increasing in IL-35  levels so, it may be considered as a novel cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of MM. Keyword:IL-35,Multiple Myeloma,Immunoglobulines

Experimental and Numerical Study of CO2 Corrosion in Carbon Steel

This research involves study corrosion of low carbon steel under static and flow conditions at 200L/h in the absence and presence of CO2 at two rates 9 and 30 ml/min at four temperatures by electrochemical method using potentiostat. Numerical model was achieved to compare between the experimental and theoretical results to estimate corrosion rate. The results show that the presence of CO2 under static conditions shifts the Ecorr toward noble direction, while under flow condition the presence of CO2 shift Ecorr toward active or noble direction at two rates of gas. The data of corrosion rate in mm/y indicate that the presence of CO2 with two flow rate increased the rate compared with the case of absence of CO2 under static conditions except one case, while under flow conditions, the presence of 9 ml/min. CO2 increases the corrosion rate, while the presence of 30 ml/min. CO2 decreases the rate because of formation FeCO3 scale except at 298K. A Mathematical model was done which show the volumetric flow rate of CO2 and finally the corrosion rate of CO2 correlated with dimensionless groups and independent parameters

Production of the lactic acid from mango peel waste – Factorial experiment

AbstractThe production of lactic acid from mango peels using the bio-fermentation method was investigated. The possible relationship between the operational factors, namely process temperature (15 and 35 °C), initial medium pH (4 and 10) and duration of fermentation (3 and 6 days) on lactic acid production as the response was determined using the factorial design. Analysis of the data obtained showed there was a strong significant influence of the operational factors and their interactions on lactic acid production (P < 0.0001) of fermenting microorganisms. The regression model for lactic acid production fitted the data adequately and explained more than 99% of the variation in the response. The results also showed that the maximum production of lactic acid can be achieved at initial medium pH of 10; incubation time of 6 days; and at a temperature of 35 °C. The maximum production of lactic acid was 17.484 g/L. This study highlights the potential of mango peels as a low cost and economically viable fermentation substrate for the production of lactic acid