64 research outputs found
Quantification de LâĂ©rosion Hydrique au Niveau du Bassin Versant Ă Lamont du Barrage Hassan II, Haute Moulouya, Maroc, par LâĂ©quation Universelle de Perte en Sol
Le bassin versant Ă lâamont du barrage Hassan II, situĂ© au cĆur de la Haute Moulouya, est de 3379 kmÂČ de superficie et de 512 km de pĂ©rimĂštre. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour objectif dâestimer les pertes en sol au niveau du bassin versant Ă lâamont du barrage Hassan II dans la Haute Moulouya par lâutilisation des systĂšmes dâInformation GĂ©ographique (SIG). La mĂ©thodologie adoptĂ©e est basĂ©e sur une succession dâĂ©tapes permettant dâaboutir au modĂšle final (carte dâĂ©rosion) en utilisant le modĂšle de Wischmeier pour dĂ©terminer les zones susceptibles dâĂȘtre Ă©rodĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que Le facteur dâĂ©rosivitĂ© R est en moyenne de 72,15 avec une valeur maximale de 99,16. Quant au facteur dâĂ©rodibilitĂ© des sols, il varie de 0,1 Ă 0,45 avec une moyenne de 0,27. Le facteur topographique LS varie de 0 Ă 322. Concernant le couvert vĂ©gĂ©tal, On note une protection faible du sol Ă lâĂ©chelle du bassin du fait que la majoritĂ© du territoire est occupĂ©e par des terrains de cultures et que seulement 16.3% de la superficie du bassin versant se caractĂ©rise par une bonne protection de sol avec un facteur C infĂ©rieur Ă 0,01. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que le bassin versant est Ă 82,7% de superficie protĂ©gĂ©e contre lâĂ©rosion, celle-ci Ă©tant infĂ©rieure Ă 7 t/ha/an (le seuil de tolĂ©rance). La perte en sol moyenne du bassin est Ă©valuĂ©e Ă 9,12 t/ha/an, avec 11,24% de la superficie totale du bassin. Cette valeur correspond Ă une Ă©rosion moyennement faible. La superficie soumise Ă de forte Ă©rosion de plus de 28 t/ha/an, soit 6,5% de la superficie totale, est en grande partie trĂšs accidentĂ©e Ă forte pente avec un rĂ©seau hydrographique dense. Par consĂ©quent, la topographie et le rĂ©seau hydrographique constituent les principaux facteurs explicatifs de telles valeurs. Ces valeurs dâĂ©rosion doivent ĂȘtre prise avec prudence vu que le dit modĂšle ne calcule pas la sĂ©dimentation qui pourrait rĂ©duire Ă©normĂ©ment lâimpact de lâĂ©rosion sur le sol.
The watershed upstream of the Hassan II dam, located in the heart of the Upper Moulouya, is 3379 kmÂČ in the area and 512 km in the perimeter. The objective of this work is to estimate the soil losses in the watershed upstream of the Hassan II Dam in the Upper Moulouya by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methodology adopted is based on a succession of steps leading to the final model (erosion map) using the Wischmeier model to determine the areas likely to be eroded. The results obtained show that the erosion factor R is on average 72.15 with a maximum value of 99.16. The soil erodibility factor varies from 0.1 to 0.45 with an average of 0.27. The topographic factor LS varies from 0 to 322. Concerning the vegetation cover, we note weak protection of the soil at the scale of the basin because the majority of the territory is occupied by cultivated land and only 16.3% of the surface of the watershed is characterized by good protection of soil with a factor C lower than 0.01. The study showed that the watershed has 82.7% of the area protected against erosion, which is less than 7 t/ha/year (the tolerance threshold). The average soil loss of the basin is estimated at 9.12 t/ha/year, with 11.24% of the total area of the basin. This value corresponds to moderately low erosion. The area subject to high erosion of more than 28 t/ha/year, or 6.5% of the total area, is largely very hilly with a steep slope and a dense hydrographic network. Therefore, the topography and the hydrographic network are the main explanatory factors for such values. These erosion values should be taken with caution, as the model does not calculate sedimentation, which could greatly reduce the impact of erosion on the soil
Quantification de LâĂ©rosion Hydrique au Niveau du Bassin Versant Ă Lamont du Barrage Hassan II, Haute Moulouya, Maroc, par LâĂ©quation Universelle de Perte en Sol
Le bassin versant Ă lâamont du barrage Hassan II, situĂ© au cĆur de la Haute Moulouya, est de 3379 kmÂČ de superficie et de 512 km de pĂ©rimĂštre. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour objectif dâestimer les pertes en sol au niveau du bassin versant Ă lâamont du barrage Hassan II dans la Haute Moulouya par lâutilisation des systĂšmes dâInformation GĂ©ographique (SIG). La mĂ©thodologie adoptĂ©e est basĂ©e sur une succession dâĂ©tapes permettant dâaboutir au modĂšle final (carte dâĂ©rosion) en utilisant le modĂšle de Wischmeier pour dĂ©terminer les zones susceptibles dâĂȘtre Ă©rodĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que Le facteur dâĂ©rosivitĂ© R est en moyenne de 72,15 avec une valeur maximale de 99,16. Quant au facteur dâĂ©rodibilitĂ© des sols, il varie de 0,1 Ă 0,45 avec une moyenne de 0,27. Le facteur topographique LS varie de 0 Ă 322. Concernant le couvert vĂ©gĂ©tal, On note une protection faible du sol Ă lâĂ©chelle du bassin du fait que la majoritĂ© du territoire est occupĂ©e par des terrains de cultures et que seulement 16.3% de la superficie du bassin versant se caractĂ©rise par une bonne protection de sol avec un facteur C infĂ©rieur Ă 0,01. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que le bassin versant est Ă 82,7% de superficie protĂ©gĂ©e contre lâĂ©rosion, celle-ci Ă©tant infĂ©rieure Ă 7 t/ha/an (le seuil de tolĂ©rance). La perte en sol moyenne du bassin est Ă©valuĂ©e Ă 9,12 t/ha/an, avec 11,24% de la superficie totale du bassin. Cette valeur correspond Ă une Ă©rosion moyennement faible. La superficie soumise Ă de forte Ă©rosion de plus de 28 t/ha/an, soit 6,5% de la superficie totale, est en grande partie trĂšs accidentĂ©e Ă forte pente avec un rĂ©seau hydrographique dense. Par consĂ©quent, la topographie et le rĂ©seau hydrographique constituent les principaux facteurs explicatifs de telles valeurs. Ces valeurs dâĂ©rosion doivent ĂȘtre prise avec prudence vu que le dit modĂšle ne calcule pas la sĂ©dimentation qui pourrait rĂ©duire Ă©normĂ©ment lâimpact de lâĂ©rosion sur le sol.
The watershed upstream of the Hassan II dam, located in the heart of the Upper Moulouya, is 3379 kmÂČ in the area and 512 km in the perimeter. The objective of this work is to estimate the soil losses in the watershed upstream of the Hassan II Dam in the Upper Moulouya by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The methodology adopted is based on a succession of steps leading to the final model (erosion map) using the Wischmeier model to determine the areas likely to be eroded. The results obtained show that the erosion factor R is on average 72.15 with a maximum value of 99.16. The soil erodibility factor varies from 0.1 to 0.45 with an average of 0.27. The topographic factor LS varies from 0 to 322. Concerning the vegetation cover, we note weak protection of the soil at the scale of the basin because the majority of the territory is occupied by cultivated land and only 16.3% of the surface of the watershed is characterized by good protection of soil with a factor C lower than 0.01. The study showed that the watershed has 82.7% of the area protected against erosion, which is less than 7 t/ha/year (the tolerance threshold). The average soil loss of the basin is estimated at 9.12 t/ha/year, with 11.24% of the total area of the basin. This value corresponds to moderately low erosion. The area subject to high erosion of more than 28 t/ha/year, or 6.5% of the total area, is largely very hilly with a steep slope and a dense hydrographic network. Therefore, the topography and the hydrographic network are the main explanatory factors for such values. These erosion values should be taken with caution, as the model does not calculate sedimentation, which could greatly reduce the impact of erosion on the soil
Apport de l'hydro-géophysique et le SIG à l'étude des ressources en eaux dans la partie Nord cÎtiÚre de bassin d'Essaouira-Maroc
ISBN: 978-3-8381-4837-3, 300-306.International audienceLa présente étude vise à étudier les possibilités offertes par les techniques d'investigation géophysiques hydrogéochimiques et du SIG pour mieux caractériser le systÚme d'information du bassin d'essaouir
Contribution à la reconnaissance de la structure de la zone nord cÎtiÚre du bassin d'Essaouira par méthodes de sondages électriques et de tomographie électrique
International audienceLes ressources en eau du bassin dâEssaouira sont en cours de destockage notamment celles desaquifĂšres superficiels. Lâutilisation des eaux des aquifĂšres profonds nĂ©cessite une connaissanceapprofondie des caractĂ©ristiques gĂ©o-Ă©lectriques des formations permĂ©ables. Pour cela nous avonsutilisĂ© la prospection Ă©lectrique pour comprendre la stratigraphie et la structure gĂ©ologique du bassin.Le programme dâacquisition des donnĂ©es a comportĂ© la mise en oeuvre de 29 sondages Ă©lectriques et 4sections de rĂ©sistivitĂ©. Lâacquisition des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© suivie par lâĂ©tablissement de courbes et decoupes gĂ©o-Ă©lectriques sur lesquelles sont indiquĂ©s les couches avec leurs rĂ©sistivitĂ©s, Ă©paisseurs etprofondeurs
Hybrid machine learning approach for gully erosion mapping susceptibility at a watershed scale
Gully erosion is a serious threat to the state of ecosystems all around the world. As a result, safeguarding the soil for our own benefit and from our own actions is a must for guaranteeing the longterm viability of a variety of ecosystem services. As a result, developing gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESM) is both suggested and necessary. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three hybrid machine learning (ML) algorithms with the bivariate statistical index frequency ratio (FR), named random forest-frequency ratio (RF-FR), support vector machine-frequency ratio (SVM-FR), and naĂŻve Bayes-frequency ratio (NB-FR), in mapping gully erosion in the GHISS watershed in the
northern part of Morocco. The models were implemented based on the inventory mapping of a total number of 178 gully erosion points randomly divided into 2 groups (70% of points were used for training the models and 30% of points were used for the validation process), and 12 conditioning variables (i.e., elevation, slope, aspect, plane curvature, topographic moisture index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), precipitation, distance to road, distance to stream, drainage density, land use, and lithology). Using the equal interval reclassification method, the spatial distribution of gully erosion was categorized into five different classes, including very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. Our results showed that the very high susceptibility classes derived using RF-FR, SVM-FR, and NB-FR models covered 25.98%, 22.62%, and 27.10% of the total area, respectively. The area under the receiver (AUC) operating characteristic curve, precision, and accuracy were employed to evaluate the performance of these models. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), the results showed that the RF-FR achieved the best performance (AUC = 0.91), followed by SVM-FR (AUC = 0.87), and then NB-FR (AUC = 0.82), respectively. Our contribution, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), plays a crucial role for understanding and identifying the issue of âwhere and whyâ gully erosion occurs, and hence it can serve as a first pathway to reducing gully erosion in this particular area
Apport des isotopes de la molécule d'eau à la détermination de l'altitude de recharge des principales sources du Moyen Atlas calcaire (Maroc).
International audienceLa prĂ©sente Ă©tude est menĂ©e au Maroc sur le Moyen Atlas calcaire Ă caractĂšre karstique. Son objectif est de contribuer Ă la caractĂ©risation des aquifĂšres moyens atlasique et Ă la dĂ©termination des altitudes de recharge des principales sources issues des calcaires dolomitiques liasiques afin d'aider Ă la dĂ©termination de leurs zones d'alimentation pour leur protection. La mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e est basĂ©e sur l'utilisation des isotopes stables de la molĂ©cule d'eau. La caractĂ©risation chimique des eaux de ces sources montre que leur composition est le reflet de celle des roches-rĂ©servoirs qu'elles drainent d'une part et de l'Ă©volution qu'elles subissent au cours de leur transit au sein de ces rĂ©servoirs d'autre part. L'analyse de l'Ă©volution du deutĂ©rium en fonction de l'oxygĂšne 18 permet de tracer une droite locale similaire Ă celle des pluies analysĂ©es au sein de la station de FĂšs, ce qui montre que les aquifĂšres concernĂ©s se rechargent par une infiltration rapide, sans Ă©vaporation notable des eaux de pluie. Le gradient altimĂ©trique pour l'oxygĂšne 18 est Ă©tabli Ă -0.27â° par 100m. L'application de ce gradient aux teneurs isotopiques des autres sources analysĂ©es permet de remonter aux altitudes de recharge de ces sources. La confrontation de ces rĂ©sultats aux donnĂ©es hydrogĂ©ologiques locales et rĂ©gionales montre une concordance notable pour les sources dont les bassins versants Ă©taient connus, et une orientation prĂ©cieuse pour les sources dont les bassins Ă©taient mal connus, avec des altitudes de recharge qui peuvent ĂȘtre 1090m plus Ă©levĂ©es que les zones d'Ă©mergence. Ces rĂ©sultats aident d'une maniĂšre certaine Ă dĂ©terminer les zones de recharge des sources, et donc Ă dĂ©finir une stratĂ©gie de protection de cette ressource. The present study contributes to the characterisation of Middle Atlas limestone karst aquifers by implementing water stable isotopic techniques to determine the recharge altitudes of major springs issuing from Liassic dolomitic limestone, helping to delineate protection areas for the springs. Chemical analyses of spring waters show a composition that reflects both reservoir lithology and a chemical evolution over the course of flow within the reservoir. Analysis of the evolution of deuterium as a function of oxygen-18 suggests a local water line similar to that derived for rainwater at a station in Fez, indicating that the aquifers in question are recharged through rapid infiltration, without appreciable evaporation of the rainwater. Application of the established -0.27â° per 100m altimetric gradient for oxygen 18 to the isotopic signatures of other analyzed sources allows us to backtrack recharge altitudes for these springs. Comparison of these results with local and regional hydrogeologic data shows a notable agreement among springs for which the drainage basin is known, and allows for more precise localization of springs for which the drainage basin is poorly known, with recharge altitudes reaching 1090m higher than emergence zones. To a certain extent, these results help to determine recharge zones for Middle Atlas springs and thus aid in strategizing protection for this resource
Etude De La Vulnerabilite Aux Risques Dâinondations Dans La Ville De Meknes. Apport Des Sig, Du Mnt Et Des Modeles Empiriques
The present study aims to assess, identify and map the risk of flooding urban in the aim of protecting the city of Meknes (center of northern Morocco) from the flooding of the Oued Boufekrane which runs along the city from the south to the north. It is carried out using the tools modeling, of empirical formulae and functions integrated into the software dedicated to the systems of Geographic Information System (GIS) and by exploiting the climate data, hydrological, topographical, geological, etc. The slopes of the watershed of the Oued Boufekrane vary approximately between 1 and 19%. They allow determining the areas and neighborhoods vulnerable to the risk of flooding with slopes not exceeding the 6%. The vulnerability to the risk of flooding which requires a priority intervention affects mainly the neighborhoods located in the southwest of the agglomeration of Meknes and along the valley of the Oued Boufekrane
Utilisation Des Indices De QualitĂ© Et De Pollution Organique Dans LâĂ©valuation De La QualitĂ© PhysicoChimique Des Eaux Superficielles Des Oueds Moulouya et Ansegmir (Haute Moulouya, NE Du Maroc)
Surface water is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures caused by the development and extension of agricultural activities and also by industrial and domestic activities. Pollution is a serious problem for the environment due to discharges dumped into rivers and excessive use of agricultural fertilizers and discharges from urban and industrial sources. The objective of this study is to assess the quality and state of organic pollution in surface water in Upper Moulouya based on the water quality index (WQI) and the organic pollution index (IPO) during three sampling campaigns carried out between March and August of 2014. Ten stations were studied along the Moulouya and Ansegmir wadis up to the Hassan II dam. The results are visualized through the use of GIS through the production of thematic maps. They revealed that the majority of stations indicate excellent water quality and show no organic pollution with the exception of Boumia (M5) and Zaida (M6) stations which respectively have poor quality water and low pollution. at Boumia and non-drinking water with strong organic pollution at Zaida. This anthropogenic environmental degradation recorded downstream of the two urban communes would come from the use of nitrogen and phosphate agricultural fertilizers and above all from the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from these two communes. The seasonal variation remains discreet and reflects a slight tendency towards degradation of the waters of the Upper Moulouya during the low waters of the summer period
Les eaux superficielles sont soumises Ă de fortes pressions anthropiques suscitĂ©es par le dĂ©veloppement et lâextension des activitĂ©s agricoles et Ă©galement par les activitĂ©s industrielles et domestiques. La pollution est un grand problĂšme pour lâenvironnement en raison des rejets dĂ©versĂ©s dans les riviĂšres et de lâutilisation excessive des fertilisants agricoles et des rejets dâorigine urbaine et industrielle. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est dâĂ©valuer la qualitĂ© et l'Ă©tat de la pollution organique des eaux superficielles la Haut Moulouya en se basant sur lâindice de qualitĂ© de lâeau (IQE) et lâindice de pollution organique (IPO) durant trois campagnes de prĂ©lĂšvement effectuĂ©es entre les mois de mars et aoĂ»t de lâannĂ©e 2014. Dix stations ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es le entre les mois de mars et aoĂ»t de lâannĂ©e 2014. Dix stations ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es le long des oueds Moulouya et Ansegmir jusquâĂ lâamont du barrage Hassan II. Les rĂ©sultats sont visualisĂ©s par lâutilisation des SIG via la rĂ©alisation de cartes thĂ©matiques. Ils ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la majoritĂ© des stations indiquent une excellente qualitĂ© dâeau et ne prĂ©sentent aucune pollution organique Ă lâexception des stations de Boumia (M5) et de Zaida (M6) qui prĂ©sentent respectivement des eaux de mauvaise qualitĂ© et une faible pollution au niveau de Boumia et des eaux non potables avec forte pollution organique au niveau de Zaida. Cette dĂ©gradation environnementale anthropique enregistrĂ©e en aval des deux communes urbaines proviendrait de lâutilisation d'engrais agricoles azotĂ©s et phosphatĂ©s et surtout des rejets dâeaux usĂ©es domestiques et industrielles non traitĂ©es de ces deux communes. La variation saisonniĂšre reste discrĂšte et traduit une lĂ©gĂšre tendance Ă la dĂ©gradation des eaux de la Haute Moulouya pendant les basses eaux de la pĂ©riode estivale
Stakeholdersâ Interaction in Water Management System: Insights from a MACTOR Analysis in the RâDom Sub-basin, Morocco
This paper aims to examine the stakeholders' interaction in the water management system at the R'Dom Sub-basin (Morocco). For this purpose, The MACTOR participatory approach was implemented to involve all key water stakeholders and to analyze their interactions. The action system was characterized by the analysis of related water issues and relevant actors on the ground. Thus, ten actors and twelve objectives were identified and assessed in this study. The analysis of stakeholder role allowed to identify the typology of stakeholders according to their strategic objectives and to evaluate their power, influence and dependence, as well as their convergence in a global water cycle management. The results show a significant level of convergence among stakeholders, despite the existence of certain stakeholders who may be considered autonomous, given their low involvement in integrated water management. Furthermore, there was a limited involvement of stakeholders in certain strategic objectives such as capacity building, technical means, and awareness-raising actions. The paper shows the need to generate greater collaborative efforts among water stakeholders involved in the implementation of integrated water resources management in the R'Dom sub-basin.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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