Handling Individual Abilities in Religious System (Case Study: Physical Education in Islam)

This study aimed to consider the dimensions and parameters of handling individual abilities in religious system and contemporary theories based on Quran and Hadith related to body training and physical skills in Islam. As there are a large amount of evidence related to the fit body and relaxed mind, many case studies can be observed accordingly. Besides a brief review of the history of Islam, comparative approaches and studies as well as the viewpoints of Islam and other contemporary religious scholars were examined in this study. Among the issues discussed in this study, some items gained more attention: mental and physical health, dimensions of handling individual and practical abilities such as resistance, high morality, agility (activity and skill), stress fighting, prospect, analyzing the situation, and identifying the competitors. In addition, to explain the evidence of religious system, historical and real facts in Quran and Hadith were presented

The Effect of Attentional Focus of Supra-Postural Task on Performance and Learning of Postural Control in Girls Aged between 9 and 12

Postural control is one of the important abilities in daily life and sport activities of human beings and the importance of focus of attention is always discussed in this issue. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the instructions of focus of attention of supra-postural task on performance and learning of postural control in girls aged between 9 and 12. 45 female students in an elementary school in Malayer city participated in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: external attention, internal attention and control by drawing of lots. The participants were asked to maintain their postural control by instructions on supra-postural task. Instructions included focus of attention on the bar they held horizontally (external focus), on their hands (internal focus) and no instructions (control). The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that learning process in external focus group was significant compared with the internal focus (P=0.049) and control (P=0.005) groups. However, no significant differences were found in learning between internal focus and control groups (P=0.345). It can be concluded that external attention instruction on supra-postural task led to better postural control than internal attention instruction

The Effect of a Training Intervention Program on Fall- Related Motor Performance in the Male Elderly without Regular Physical Activity

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of a training interventionprogram on fall-related motor performance in the male elderly with no regularphysical activities. For this purpose, 39 out of 130 participants in screen test wereselected and assigned to training group (n=20) and control group (n=19). Subjectsaged between 60 and 70 in experimental were 73.68% and in the control group43.75% and subjects aged 71 and above were 26.31% in the experimental groupand 56.25% in the control group. Experimental group participated in a 10-weekintervention program (3 sessions per week and 90 minutes per session). Data werecollected with 30-s seat, sit and reach, one-leg standing (eyes open and closed), upand go, 10-meter walk and 10-meter obstacle walk tests. In this semi-experimentalresearch, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t test was used to analyse motorperformance measures. Results indicated a significant improve in mean scores oflower extremity strength (27.37 rep), flexibility (29.28 cm), static balance with eyesopen (60.94 sec) and closed (19.36 sec), agility and dynamic balance (4.10 sec),10-meter walk (3.35 sec) and 10-meter obstacle walk (4.03 sec) in the experimentalgroup after the 10-week training intervention program (P<0.05). The findingsconfirmed the effect of training interventions (especially strength training) onimproving fall-related motor performance and preventing probable falls in theelderly

The Impact of a Training Intervention Program on Fall-related Psychological Factors Among Male Older Adults in Arak

Objectives: Falls and fall-related physiological and psychological events are major problems for elderly people. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of an interventional training program on fall-related psychological factors among the elderly men in Arak. Methods & Materials: In this quasi experiment research on male older adults in Arak, 27 participants randomly assigned to Control group (mean age=70.21&plusmn;6.65) and Experimental group (mean age=66.07&plusmn;4.38). Experimental group members participated in a 12 week interventional training program. Results: The findings showed that training intervention program improved fall-related psychological factors (Fall Self-Efficacy/Fear of Fall and Activities-specific Balance Confidence/Balance Self-Efficacy) in experimental group. No significant changes appeared in fall-related psychological factors in control group members who did not perform any regular training program. Conclusion: According to the findings, regular interventional training program can decrease fear of fall and increase balance confidence in performing the activities of everyday life by improving physical and motor fitness levels. These improvements can lead to physical and psychological health, increase in quality of life among older adults, and eventually successful aging

The Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life between Active and Inactive Cerebral Palsy Boys of Tehran

The aim of the present study was to compare the health-related quality of life between active and inactive boys with cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 13 and 18. For this purpose, out of 150 CP students of guidance and high schools, 28 subjects were selected randomly. The subjects were divided into two groups of active (14 boys) and inactive (14 boys) according to physical activity questionnaire. The kid screen questionnaire with 10 subscales of physical well-being, psychological well-being, mood and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, relationship with parents and home, peer and social support, school environment, social acceptance and financial resources was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The reliability and validity of this instrument was confirmed (p=0.85). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that active cerebral palsy boys have higher health-related quality of life (p0.05). The results of this study indicated that positive attitudes of active children towards themselves related to their regular physical activity