Factors Related to Functional Independence in Daily Activities of Older People with Osteoarthritis in Mashhad, Iran in 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability and reduction of functional independence in older people. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to functional independence in daily activities of older people with osteoarthritis in Mashhad, Iran.Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 300 older people with osteoarthritis who had referred to rheumatology clinics of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in Mashhad in 2016 were selected and entered in the study by available sampling method. Data collection tools in this study included demographic information questionnaire and scale of activities of daily living, the validity and reliability of which were measured. SPSS-21 software was used for data analysis.Results: The age average of the study subjects was 70.75 (± 7.27). The older people with higher education levels, male gender, married and who lived with a spouse or spouse and children, lower in age, economically independent (higher income and working), lower body mass index, the ones with less duration of osteoarthritis, ones who did not need to use assistive devices, did not suffer from the lack of joint mobility, and did not have hip osteoarthritis, had more independence in activities of daily living (P value < 0.05).Conclusions: According to the obtained results and related factors from this study, it is necessary that more accurate planning be considered to prevent, control and manage factors leading to the dependence of older people

Effect of Adding Nano Size Silica on Setting Time and Porosity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of nano-silica (SiO2) to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on its setting time and porosity. Methods and Materials: The concentration 8% of nano-silica were prepared and added to the MTA powder. After mixing with water the setting time and porosity were evaluated and compared with pure MTA. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.001. Results: The mean setting time of MTA+8% nano-silica (9.8±0.78) was significantly lower than MTA (23.3±2.16) (P<0.001). Also the mean porosity by imbibition method in MTA+8% nano-silica (23.49±0.48) was significantly higher than MTA (15.69±2.10) (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in mean porosity by scanning electron microscope (SEM) method in MTA+8% nano-silica (31.26±10.73) and MTA (32.74±5.26) (P>0.001). Conclusion: This in vitro study showed us an addition of 8% of nano-silica to MTA reduced the setting time. Although evaluation by imbibition test showed increasing of porosity in nano-silica MTA compared with pure MTA.Keywords: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Nano-silica; Porosity; Setting Tim

The Effects of Financial Development and Institutional Quality on Economic Growth with the Dynamic Panel Data Generalized Moment Method Method: Evidence from the Organization for Economical Cooperation and Development Countries

Institutional quality and financial development have been considered as two main key of economic growth in recent literature. Regarding institutional quality, it is an essential and necessary condition to enhance financial development, so in this context suitable policies are demanded. Our main aim is to survey the effects of financial development and institutional quality on economic growth for the case of Economic Development and Cooperation Organization Countries in 2002-2014, using GMM method of Dynamic Panel Data. Here also we have used the mean of opinion and response, political stability and lack of violence, administrative efficiency, quality of provisions and legality and corruption control as six institutional indicators as well as the ratio of available credits for private sector in banks to gross product as financial development indicator. The results show that financial development and institutional quality have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected countries. Furthermore, from interactive effect, we found that financial development may cause economic growth in developed countries due to their opportune institutional structure. Keywords: Institutional Quality, Financial Development, Economic Growth JEL Classifications: E44, F

Effects of vibration on pool boiling heat transfer from a vertically aligned array of heated tubes

In the present study, the use of mechanical vibration for the enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer is evaluated theoretically. For this purpose, a vertical array of vibrating circular tubes is considered. The array is submerged in a pool of water under atmospheric conditions and electrically heated for boiling to occur on the tube surfaces. To model this phase-change phenomenon, a two-fluid formulation is employed and accompanied by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) model to estimate the boiling heat flux on a solid surface. A comprehensive parametric study is undertaken to investigate the effects of the amplitude and frequency of vibration, the magnitude of the heat flux, and the pitch-to-diameter ratio of the array on pool boiling heat transfer in the presence of mechanical vibration. An increase of up to 90% in the heat transfer rate is achieved within the simulated operating conditions.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijmulflow2020-09-01hj2019Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

A polyoxometalate-assisted approach for synthesis of Pd nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets: synergistic behaviour for enhanced electrocatalytic activity

et al.A polyoxometalate (POM) assisted approach has been employed to prepare a nanohybrid of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs). The Keggin-type POM, phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12), was applied to serve as both reducing and stabilising agent. The as-prepared nanohybrid (Pd/PMo12/GNSs) was comprehensively characterised using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The synergistic behaviour of PdNPs, PMo12 and GNSs in the nanohybrid leads to elevated electrocatalytic property for ethanol oxidation. Moreover, the Pd/PMo12/GNSs nanohybrid was activated by applying a sufficiently negative potential which plays a key role in promoting the electrocatalytic activity. The activated catalyst presents a superior performance towards ethanol electrooxidation reaction and shows better tolerance to poisoning species compared to Pd and Pt nanoparticles. The outstanding electrocatalytic activity of the tri-component (Pd/PMo12/GNSs) nanohybrid is discussed with relevance to its application in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs).TEM, HAADF-STEM measurements have been performed through part of the fund of the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship 328985-COCOPOPS and ERC-Starting Grant 239931-NANOPUZZLE.Peer reviewe

Numerical investigation of pool boiling on a staggered tube bundle for different working fluids

In the present work, a numerical approach is proposed to simulate two phase pool boiling on a staggered tube bundle. The simulations are carried out using the Eulerian–Eulerian framework for two phase flows, accounting for the nucleate pool boiling on the surface of the tube bundle. A favourable agreement was reported between the numerical results and previously published experimental data for pool boiling heat transfer. The numerical results are presented for four working fluids, including water, ethanol, R134a and R22, each at three different saturation temperatures. The effect of saturation temperature, the variation in the heat transfer within the tube bundle and the effect of the working fluid are fully addressed.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijmulflow2019-07-01hj2018Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Numerical simulation of pool boiling on smooth, vertically aligned tandem tubes

In the present study, a numerical simulation of atmospheric pool boiling on tandem, inclined, electrically heated circular tubes is performed. An Eulerian-Eulerian description of the two-phase flow formulations is adopted together with a Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) nucleate boiling model to account for the heat and mass transfer in the boiling phenomenon. The pool boiling is studied in the range of 0–100 kW/m2 for the heat flux and for inclination angles of 0–90°. The effect of the boiling liquid characteristics on the key features of the pool boiling phenomenon is studied, as well as using water, ethanol and FC-72 as the working fluid. The numerical results are validated against available experimental measurements, and the effects of the inclination angle, working fluid and magnitude of the heat flux are explored thoroughly.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijts2019-10-01hj2018Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Bulk and Activated Carbon-Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid as Recyclable and Green Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of β

A rapid and efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of β-acetamido ketones/esters has been developed in the presence of bulk tungstophosphoric acid and its supported forms on activated carbon as recyclable and eco-friendly catalysts under refluxing conditions. Supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts containing the same amount of heteropoly acid yielded much higher conversion than bulk form