Nucleon structure functions in noncommutative space-time

In the context of noncommutative space-time, we investigate the nucleon structure functions which plays an important role to identify the internal structure of nucleons. We use the corrected vertices and employ new vertices that appear in two approaches of noncommutativity and calculate the proton structure functions in terms of noncommutative tensor \theta_{\mu\nu}. To check our result, we plot the nucleon structure function (NSF), F_2(x), and compare it with experimental data and the result coming out from the GRV, GJR and CT10 parametrization models. We show that new vertex which is arising the noncommutativity correction will lead us to better consistency between theoretical result and experimental data for NSF. This consistency would be better at small values of x-Bjorken variable. To indicate and confirm the validity of our calculations, we also act conversely and obtain an lower bound for the numerical values of \Lambda_{NC} scale which are corresponding to the recent reports.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figure

Protest movements in Iraq in the age of a ‘new civil society’

Since 2015 Iraq has been experiencing an unprecedented movement of popular protests that is mobilising a whole generation of its youth, demanding a radical change of regime. Based on recent fieldwork with women, civil society and youth organisations and networks, I explore the Iraqi protests in the light of new theorisations of contemporary civil society and social movements. What I find is that the notion of madaniyya claimed by Iraqi protesters is not only an expression of a ‘post-Islamist’ political moment but it is structured by the traumatic experience of sectarian violence. For Iraqi youth, the demands for social justice and economic redistribution cannot be separated from the claim for sectarian equality and religious freedom: both demands are experienced as matters of life and death