A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF LICENSED PROFESSIONAL COUNSELORS’ THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS WORKING WITH CLIENTS WITH BODY IMAGE CONCERNS

Counselors working with clients with body image issues might also struggle with body image concerns, and how they manage this struggle within the therapeutic relationship could be a key factor in treatment effectiveness. Exploring and understanding successful counselors’ methods would benefit counselors, clients, and society. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore body image concerns of licensed professional counselors who currently work with clients concerned or diagnosed with body image, disordered eating, and eating disorder symptomology. The theoretical framework comprised feminist psychodynamic theory, which suggests that internalizing culture is part of developing individual perspectives on body image, and objectification theory, indicating how Western beautify standards have led to the objectification and sexualization of thin women. Answering the research question required exploring counselors’ perspectives of how their body image influences the therapeutic relationship with clients who present with body image struggles. Moustakas’s transcendental phenomenology was the approach used to explore the experiences of licensed professional counselors with their body images when working with clients with body image distortions. Data analysis occurred following the seven steps of Moustakas’s modified van Kaam method. Analysis of the data collected from semistructured interviews with 11 participants elicited three significant themes: (a) working with clients who struggle with body image concerns affects counselors’ body image awareness, (b) working with clients who struggle with body image increases counselors’ positive body iv image, and (c) education and supervision are needed to address body image when working with clients with body image concerns. The study has implications for direct therapeutic work for clinicians, counselor educators, and supervisors. Clinical improvement could occur through body image–specific training, continuing education, and supervision in working with the body image of both counselor and client

Effects of Subcapsularis Neuro Muscular Reduction (NMR) in Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: To determine the effects of Subscapularis Neuromuscular Reduction (NMR) in Adhesive Capsulitis patients on pain, Range of Motion (ROM) and Quality of life. Methods: In this randomized controlled trail patients with freezing and frozen stage of Adhesive capsulitis and limited range of movement were included. Patients were randomly divided into control (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). The patients of Group A were treated with conventional physical therapy treatment protocol and patients of group B were treated with subscapularis neuromuscular reduction along with conventional physical therapy. The patient outcome measures were assessed using numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) and ranges via goniometry. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Both group showed significant improvement, but the end value comparison showed significant difference. NMR (Neuromuscular Reduction) on Subscapularis muscles improved the pain, ROM and Patient functional status more as compared to the conventional physical therapy group. The NPRS mean value for control group was 2.90±1.09 and mean value for experimental group was 2.05±1.10with p value of 0.021 while the mean value of SPADI for control group was33.52±9.96 and for experimental group was 26.72±8.00 with p value of 0.026. Conclusion: Treatment groups showed improvement by reducing pain, improving range of motion and functional status but neuromuscular reduction of subscapularis muscles was found to be more effective

Detection of Human Salivary Amylase Level Deposited on Fruits with First Bite Mark

Background: Human body fluids are vital for criminological examinations. The recovery, conservation, and investigation of body fluids or its stains are critical in measurable forensic cases. The amylase testing is being utilized as a possible test to locate the crime scene saliva stains for more than three decades. This investigation was intended to decide the human salivary amylase accumulated on fruit after the first bite where the level of salivary amylase was concluded by Radial Gel Diffusion method.Methods: Three sorts of organic fruits (apple, peach, and apricot) and 20 people (10 male and 10 female) were chosen for this investigation. The specimens were assembled from bite mark area following time intervals 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours.Results: Experimental outcomes demonstrated that the diameter of amylase activity in male specimens was more noteworthy than female. Apples, as well as apricot pit samples, indicated amylase activity till 48 hours; however, the specimens collected from peach demonstrated amylase activity until 12 hours, after first bite mark.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that salivary amylase testing might be valuable for DNA evidence, where DNA investigations for every case might be restricted because of cost issues.Keywords: Amylase; Saliva; Investigation; Bite mark; Preservatio

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors: Analysis of 193 cases

Introduction: Parotid gland tumors include a wide variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. The majority of these tumors are benign (80%), which usually require superficial parotidectomy, while the incidence of malignant tumors is lower (20%), requiring more radical surgery with or without neck dissection. The diagnosis cannot be established on the basis of clinical history and simple physical examination and requires complementary diagnostic methods. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) guided by ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic tool to evaluate parotid swellings. Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 193 patients who underwent preoperative FNAC and parotidectomy at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from the period of January 2000 to December 2015 was performed. Results: Out of 193 patients undergoing parotidectomy, 110 (57%) were males and 83 (43%) were females, the mean age being 48.21 and 43.76 years old, respectively. The mean duration of the symptoms was 41.33 months, and the most common symptom was preauricular swelling present in all patients, followed by pain, which was present in 29 patients (15%) and facial nerve weakness in 6 patients (3.1%). Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed preoperatively and the results were compared with the final histopathology, which showed sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 97.9%, positive predictive value of 93%, negative predictive value of 96.7% and diagnostic accuracy of 95.8%. Conclusion: Our results suggest that FNAC is relatively an accurate method for preoperative diagnosis of parotid swelling and can prove to be a valuable tool for preoperative counseling of the nature of the disease and prognosis

Surgical training in ophthalmology: Role of EyeSi in the era of simulation-based learning

Recent advancements in surgical training methods have escalated the need for simulators. The EyeSi simulation has played a major role in Ophthalmology training by providing opportunity to the novice residents to grasp the surgical steps of the procedure and master the skill by repeated attempts. Participants were assessed on single level of cataract module and their consecutive scores were assessed with each attempt. It was found that repetitive practice on simulator can help develop proficiency in the desired steps that can ultimately prepare the surgical trainees for real life surgery

Resolution of symptomatic secondary empty sella syndrome following lumbar-peritoneal shunt.

Background: Post‑surgical empty sella is related to the removal of pituitary tumors either from the transcranial or transphenoidal route, rendering diaphragma sellae incompetent at the end of the procedure. This subsequently leads to herniation of the third ventricle and optic apparatus into the empty sella. Studies have shown that in 50% of the cases, individuals with primary and secondary empty sella syndrome have developed defects in the visual fields. Benign increased intracranial pressure, cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, papilledema, and abnormalities affecting visual acuity may also occur as a result of empty sella. Case Description: This case report discusses a rare treatment option for the symptomatic secondary empty sella syndrome. Patient underwent lumbar drain placement and that resulted in astonishingly significant improvement in vision. Keeping in view the beneficial effect of lumbar drain, lumbar–peritoneal (LP) shunt was inserted which showed drastic improvement in vision. Conclusion: The surgical outcome of symptomatic cases of ESS is favorable. Various common surgical options were reported in literature; however, we have discussed an unconventional surgical option with an impressive outcome