PENGARUH KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER PENCAK SILAT TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterlibatan siswa dalam ekstrakurikuler pencak silat terhadap pembentukan kepribadian. Penelitian ini juga menguji faktor gender dalam pembentukan kepribadian dan membandingkan kepribadian antara siswa terlibat ekstrakurikuler pencak silat dan tidak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif non-eksperimen dengan desain comparative research. Total subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 64 siswa, terdiri dari 32 siswa yang terlibat ekstrakurikuler pencak silat dan 32 siswa yang tidak terlibat ekstrakurikuler pencak silat. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 18 laki-laki dan 14 perempuan. Instrumen berupa angket kepribadian IPIP-BFM-25 yang meliputi lima dimensi kepribadian, yakni ekstraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability dan intellect. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji regresi dan independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan keterlibatan siswa dalam ekstrakurikuler pencak silat terhadap pembentukan kepribadian siswa dengan uji regresi bernilai sig 0.509. Faktor gender juga terbukti tidak mempengaruhi pembentukan kepribadian siswa dengan hasil uji independent sample t-test berilai sig (2 tailed) 0.498. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal kepribadian antara siswa yang terlibat dalam ekstrakurikuler pencak silat dan mereka yang tidak terlibat dalam ekstrakurikuler pencak silat menggunakan uji independent sample t-test bernilai sig (2 tailed) 0.820.  Dari temuan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrakurikuler pencak silat terbukti tidak berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan kepribadian siswa sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Kata kunci: pencak silat; pembentukan kepribadian; perilaku involvement in pencak silat extracurriculars on personality formation. This study also examines the gender factor in personality formation and compares personality between students who are involved in pencak silat extracurricular activities and those who are not. The research method used is quantitative non-experimental with a comparative research design. The total subjects of this study were 64 students, consisting of 32 students who were involved in pencak silat extracurricular activities and 32 students who were not involved in pencak silat extracurricular activities. Each group consisted of 18 men and 14 women. The instrument is a personality questionnaire IPIP-BFM-25 which includes five personality dimensions, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect. Data analysis was performed using the regression test and independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was no significant effect of student involvement in the pencak silat extracurricular on the formation of student personality with a regression test with a sig value of 0.509. The gender factor also proved not to influence the formation of student personality with the results of the independent sample t-test with a value of sig (2 tailed) 0.498. There was no significant difference in terms of personality between students who were involved in pencak silat extracurriculars and those who were not involved in pencak silat extracurriculars using the independent sample t-test with a value of sig (2 tailed) 0.820. From these findings it can be concluded that the pencak silat extracurricular proved to have no effect on the formation of student personality as expected. Keywords: Pencak silat; personality development; behavio

ANALISIS RETORIKA PEMILIHAN BAHASA DALAM VISUALISASI IKLAN MIE SEDAAP SEBAGAI UPAYA MENARIK MINAT KONSUMEN

Advertising is a form of communication that aims to convey promotional messages about products, services or ideas to a wide audience through various media. This research aims to: (1) determine the rhetoric of language choice in the visualization of mie sedaap advertisements as a consumer attraction. (2) knowing the advertising strategy in the visualization of Mie Sedaap advertisements to attract consumers. This research uses qualitative methods with direct and indirect interviews with mie sedaap consumers and visual observations of mie sedaap advertisements. The conclusion of the research that has been carried out is that: (1) the rhetoric of language choice in the visualization of Sedaap noodle advertisements as a consumer attraction, namely there are hyperbole, paradox, metaphor, personification and repetition. (2) the advertising strategy in the Mie Sedaap advertising visualization involves the use of attractive visual elements and narratives that are consistent with the brand identity, namely by implementing a marketing mix. There are several benefits of a marketing mix strategy, namely; - ⁠Help with effective marketing planning, development and implementation. - ⁠Helps understand what products or services can be offered to customers. - ⁠Help businesses leverage their strengths and avoid unnecessary costs

Higher entropy observed in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the first COVID-19 wave in Pakistan

Background: We investigated the genome diversity of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the early COVID-19 period to investigate evolution of the virus in Pakistan.Materials and methods: We studied ninety SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated between March and October 2020. Whole genome sequences from our laboratory and available genomes were used to investigate phylogeny, genetic variantion and mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Pakistan. Site specific entropy analysis compared mutation rates between strains isolated before and after June 2020.Results: In March, strains belonging to L, S, V and GH clades were observed but by October, only L and GH strains were present. The highest diversity of clades was present in Sindh and Islamabad Capital Territory and the least in Punjab province. Initial introductions of SARS-CoV-2 GH (B.1.255, B.1) and S (A) clades were associated with overseas travelers. Additionally, GH (B.1.255, B.1, B.1.160, B.1.36), L (B, B.6, B.4), V (B.4) and S (A) clades were transmitted locally. SARS-CoV-2 genomes clustered with global strains except for ten which matched Pakistani isolates. RNA substitution rates were estimated at 5.86 x10-4. The most frequent mutations were 5\u27 UTR 241C \u3e T, Spike glycoprotein D614G, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) P4715L and Orf3a Q57H. Strains up until June 2020 exhibited an overall higher mean and site-specific entropy as compared with sequences after June. Relative entropy was higher across GH as compared with GR and L clades. More sites were under selection pressure in GH strains but this was not significant for any particular site.Conclusions: The higher entropy and diversity observed in early pandemic as compared with later strains suggests increasing stability of the genomes in subsequent COVID-19 waves. This would likely lead to the selection of site-specific changes that are advantageous to the virus, as has been currently observed through the pandemic

Preoperative and postoperative optimisation of patients undergoing thyroid surgery: a multicentre quality improvement project at Barts Health NHS Trust

Hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery can occur in up to 38% of patients. With over 7100 thyroid surgeries performed in 2018 in the UK, this is a common postoperative complication. Undertreated hypocalcaemia can result in cardiac arrhythmias and death. Preventing adverse events from hypocalcaemia requires preoperative identification and treatment of at-risk patients with vitamin D deficiency, timely recognition of postoperative hypocalcaemia and prompt appropriate treatment with calcium supplementation. This project aimed to design and implement a perioperative protocol for prevention, detection and management of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. A retrospective audit of thyroid surgeries (n=67; October 2017 to June 2018) was undertaken to establish baseline practice of (1) preoperative vitamin D levels assessment, (2) postoperative calcium checks and incidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia and (3) management of postoperative hypocalcaemia. A multidisciplinary team approach following quality improvement principles was then used to design a perioperative management protocol with all relevant stakeholders involved. After dissemination and implementation, the above measures were reassessed prospectively (n=23; April-July 2019). The percentage of patients having their preoperative vitamin D measured increased from 40.3% to 65.2%. Postoperative day-of-surgery calcium checks increased from 76.1% to 87.0%. Hypocalcaemia was detected in 26.8% of patients before and 30.43% of patients after protocol implementation. The postoperative component of the protocol was followed in 78.3% of patients. Limitations include low number of patients which precluded from analysis of the impact of the protocol on length of stay. Our protocol provides a foundation for preoperative risk stratification and prevention, early detection and subsequent management of hypocalcaemia in thyroidectomy patients. This aligns with enhanced recovery protocols. Moreover, we offer suggestions for others to build on this quality improvement project with the aim to further advance the perioperative care of thyroidectomy patients

Malaria and Dengue mosquito vectors from Lao PDR show a lack of the rdl mutant allele responsible for cyclodiene insecticide resistance

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, RDL, plays important roles in neuronal signalling and is the target of highly effective insecticides. A mutation in RDL, commonly A296S, underlies resistance to several insecticides such as cyclodienes. Even though the use of cyclodienes has been banned, the occurrence of mutations substituting A296 is notably high in mosquitoes from several countries. Here we report a survey investigating the prevalence of the Rdl mutant allele in mosquitoes from Laos, a country where mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are health concerns. Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes were collected from twelve provinces in Laos. Adult bioassays on Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) showed that all the populations tested were susceptible to dieldrin (4%) following WHO protocols. Exon 7 from a total of 791 mosquitoes was sequenced to identify the amino acid encoded for at 296 of RDL. Only one of these mosquitoes, Anopheles maculatus rampae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Attapeu, carried the mutant allele being heterozygous for A296S. We therefore found a general lack of the Rdl mutant allele indicating that mosquitoes from Laos are not exposed to insecticides that act on the GABA receptor compared to mosquitoes in several other countries. Identifying the prevalence of the Rdl mutation may help inform the potential use of alternative insecticides that act on the GABA receptor should there be a need to replace pyrethroids in order to prevent/manage resistance

Inactivation of PI(3)K p110δ breaks regulatory T-cell-mediated immune tolerance to cancer.

Inhibitors against the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy in some human leukaemias. As p110δ is primarily expressed in leukocytes, drugs against p110δ have not been considered for the treatment of solid tumours. Here we report that p110δ inactivation in mice protects against a broad range of cancers, including non-haematological solid tumours. We demonstrate that p110δ inactivation in regulatory T cells unleashes CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells and induces tumour regression. Thus, p110δ inhibitors can break tumour-induced immune tolerance and should be considered for wider use in oncology

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Role of the Glucagon and Glucagon-like Peptides in Pancreatic Beta Cell and Cardiovascular Function

Glucagon is inappropriately elevated in diabetes, and inhibition of glucagon receptor (Gcgr) signaling is beneficial for glycemic control. However, the mechanism through which inhibition of Gcgr signaling leads to improved glycemic control is unknown. Additionally, Gcgr is expressed in the cardiovascular system; however the role of Gcgr signaling in the cardiovascular system is unexplored. In order to develop therapies targeting Gcgr signaling for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) it is vital to understand Gcgr' s role in regulation of glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular function. In mice, genetic deletion of the glucagon receptor results in increased levels of the insulinotropic hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). I hypothesized Glp1r signaling contributed substantially to the improved glucose tolerance observed in Gcgr-/- mice. I have generated and characterized the Gcgr and Glp-1 receptor double knockout (Gcgr-/-:Glp1r-/-) mice. My studies demonstrate that Glp1r substantially contributes to the delayed gastric emptying and improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in Gcgr-/- mice, but it did not contribute to the improved oral glucose tolerance seen in the Gcgr-/- mice. Interestingly, expression of non-classical incretin receptors and sensitivity to their exogenous agonists were increased in Gcgr-/-:Glp1r-/- mice, suggesting that in the absence of the classical incretin receptors the non-classical incretin receptors compensate to maintain the enteroinsular axis. I explored the role of Gcgr signaling in the cardiovascular system under normal and ischemic conditions. My studies showed that exogenous glucagon increased mortality from myocardial infarction in WT mice in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Conversely, Gcgr+/- and cardiac specific Gcgr-/- mice (GcgrCM-/-) had improved survival following myocardial infarction. Gene expression profiling of hearts from GcgrCM-/- mice showed reduced expression of fatty acid oxidation gene, consistent with a reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines observed upon metabolic profiling of GcgrCM-/- hearts. Therefore, partial or cardiomyocyte specific loss of Gcgr signaling enhanced protection to ischemic injury by regulating fatty acid oxidation. In conclusion, my studies suggest Gcgr signaling is essential for beta cell nutrient sensing and fuel metabolism in cardiomyocytes and therapies aiming at modulating Gcgr signaling for the treatment of T2D require careful assessment of cardiovascular outcomes.Ph.D.2016-11-16 00:00:0