The horns of dilemma: Life or sovereignty

Death and dying are the bitter truth that is faced by every person inevitably. Paying respect to the decision of a patient in a hospital setting is always a challenging task. In eastern countries, family plays an important role in decision making. But it always overrides the preferences and wishes of the patient and this leads to violation of ethical principles such as autonomy, informed consent and veracity. Looking a situation from different paradigms and deciding the best solution on the ground of ethical principles should be the utmost priority of the healthcare provider

Enhancing patient well-being: Applying environmental theory in nursing practice

Theoretical framework always guides nursing practice and nurses follow this unconsciously. This paper highlights the work of Florence nightingale who, identified the application of environmental theory in nursing practice. Nightingale has defined 13 canons of environment and explained each aspect in detail. Her major canons include: ventilation, noise, cleanliness of walls/rooms, light, bed and bedding, personal cleanliness, and taking food. Nightingale has beautifully described the effect of application of her theory. The theory when applied, yields a positive impact on patient’s health. The learning outcomes of this research will help the people in medical science to understand the correlation between environmental theory and nursing practices for the wellbeing of patients. And if one is failed to apply all of the concepts in clinical area then it can lead to delayed recovery of the patient

Epidemiology of rabies in Pakistan: A review of literature

Objective: This literature review aims to explore the risk factors, preventive measures and treatment options for people with rabies especially in Pakistan. Introduction: It is suggested that nearly 2,000 to 5,000 deaths been reported annually due to rabies, in Pakistan. It is estimated that above 30,000 people die each year because of rabies in Asia. One Asian expires every 15 minutes where 15% are probable to be the children under 15 years.Methods: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was undertaken by using various electronic research databases. Studies were eligible for this review if they were published in last twenty years in english language and focused on epidemiology, risk factors, consequences, prevention and treatment of rabies especially in Pakistan.Results: Rabies is a prevalent disease and there are so many barriers especially in Pakistan which led this issue to persist. Lack of awareness and improper vaccination of dogs are the major leading issues which are increasing the number of patients affected by rabies day by day.Conclusion: Results suggest that rabies is one of the common diseases in Asia and the root cause of which is lack of awareness and stray dogs especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Since this overlooked illness can lead to serious complications, the issue should be addressed to promote public health