2 research outputs found
Ocena stężeń adiponektyny i leptyny w surowicy u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca — związek z frakcją wyrzutową, wskaźnikiem uwapnienia tętnic i angiogramem tętnic wieńcowych
Introduction. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipocytokine protein, while leptin is the protein that maintains the body weight in humans via its effect on the hypothalamus. These hormones interact at different levels of cardio-metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in patients with ischaemic heart disease and subjected to coronary calcium scoring (CCS) and coronary angiography. Material and methods. We included 59 patients with ischaemic heart disease and 20 healthy subjects served as a control in this study. The patients were assessed by electrocardiograph, echocardiograph, coronary angiogram and coronary computerised tomography (CCT) for the assessment of CCS. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results. Coronary computed tomography (CT) investigation explored, that 30.5% of patients had positive calcium score and 67.8% of patients did not show evidence of coronary changes by CT angiograph. The patients had significantly high leptin and low adiponectin levels compared with healthy subjects. Serum leptin levels were significantly low in patients with positive CCS and angiogram, compared with those who had no abnormal CCT. Significant positive correlation between ejection fraction and serum leptin (r = 0.285, p < 0.05) and non-significant correlation with serum adiponectin were observed. Conclusions. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels are useful determinants in patients with ischaemic heart disease, as high serum leptin levels are associated with negative coronary CT and positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction.Wstęp. Adiponektyna jest adipocytokiną, białkiem produkowanym przez tkankę tłuszczową, natomiast leptyna jest białkiem przyczyniającym się u ludzi do utrzymania masy ciała przez wpływ na przysadkę mózgową. Hormony te oddziałują na siebie na różnych poziomach czynników ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego. Badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny stężeń adiponektyny i leptyny w surowicy pacjentów z niedokrwienną chorobą serca, których poddano koronarografii i u których określono wskaźnik uwapnienia tętnic (CCS).
Materiał i metody. Do badania włączono 59 pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca i 20 zdrowych osób tworzących grupę kontrolną. U chorych wykonano badania elektrokardiograficzne, echokardiograficzne, koronarografię i tomografię tętnic wieńcowych (CCT) w celu oceny CCS. Surowicze stężenia adiponektyny i leptyny oznaczono metodą immunoenzymatyczną (ELISA).
Wyniki. W ocenie uwapnienia tętnic, dokonanej za pomocą tomografii komputerowej (CT) tętnic wieńcowych, u 30,5% chorych uzyskano wynik dodatni, a u 67,8% chorych nie stwierdzono zmian w tętnicach wieńcowych w angiografii CT. U osób z chorobą niedokrwienną stężenia leptyny były istotnie wyższe, a adiponektyny — niższe niż w grupie kontrolnej. U chorych z dodatnim CCS i zmianami w angiogramie stężenie leptyny w surowicy było istotnie niższe niż u osób bez nieprawidłowości w CCT. Stwierdzono istotną dodatnią korelację frakcji wyrzutowej ze stężeniem leptyny w surowicy (r = 0,285; p < 0,05) oraz nieistotną korelację ze stężeniem adiponektyny w surowicy.
Wnioski. Surowicze stężenia leptyny i adiponektyny są użytecznymi wskaźnikami u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca, ponieważ wysokie stężenie leptyny wiązało się z ujemnym wynikiem CCT i korelowało dodatnio z frakcją wyrzutową lewej komory
Evaluation of health system in Iraq from people's point of view: a comparative study of two different eras
Background: Since the 2003 United States–British coalition military invasion, Iraq has been in a state of continuous deterioration at all levels, including the health sector. This study aimed to elicit the viewpoints of the Iraqi people on the current health system, focusing on many provided health services and assessing whether the public prefers the current health system or that was provided before the invasion.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed to explore the Iraqi people’s opinions on their health system. A self-administered questionnaire using a multi-stage sampling technique was distributed in five geographical regions in Iraq to collect the data from the head of household between 1st October and 31st of December 2019. Multiple logistic regressions were recruited to determine the significant contributing variables in this study.
Results: A total of 365 heads of households (response rate: 86.1%) with the mean age of 48.36 + 11.92 years (ranged 35-78) included in the study. Most of the respondents (61.4%) complained of healthcare inaccessibility, 59.7% believed that health resources were not available, 53.7% claimed a deterioration in the quality of care, and 62.2% believed that the political / media position did not contribute to positive changes during the past two decades. Indeed, most respondents (66.0%) believe that the current healthcare system is worse than before. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship between the characteristics and opinions of the respondents. Old age group (p = 0.003), men (p = < 0.001), married (p = 0.001), low educated (p = < 0.001), rural resident (p = < 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.003), monthly income of less than USD 400 (p = < 0.001), consider themselves to be unhealthy (p = 0.001), and those who think that people are unhappy now than two decades ago (p = 0.012) have a more negative opinion of the health system.
Conclusion: Most Iraqis surveyed expressed disappointment from the health system after the 2003 United States–British Coalition military invasion. The current health system is faltering at all levels and does not meet the citizens' basic needs. Health Transformation Program (HTP) has become inevitable to develop an accessible, affordable, high-quality, efficient, and effective health system