A Review: Impact of Static and Impact Load on the Mechanical Properties of Plastic Concrete

This review search seeks to know how the replacement effect on concrete is by replacing aggregate (coarse or fine) with plastic granules. Plastic does not dissolve in the climate and provides an early warning for collapses when mixed with concrete to give it more flexibility, making it more crucial to resist tensile stresses, increasing its strength, and seeking to make it more durable. The use of plastic is expanding day by day because of the rapid population increase and their constant demand. Every day, this causes a considerable amount of rubbish, which is harmful and causes pollution and plastic materials to take hundreds of years to dissolve. Solid waste management is currently a difficulty in any country, and the large-scale depletion of resources is causing environmental issues. For the concrete business, an alternative or alternative product must be produced. Plastic waste is the most challenging problem in solid waste management globally. In many countries, concrete has been one of the most excellent solutions for construction materials. It has hastened the pollution of the environment. It would be worthwhile to use plastic waste in concrete to solve the dual problems of a lack of raw materials and the safe disposal of plastic trash. This research aims to see if waste plastic can be used as a fine aggregate in concrete

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population