174 research outputs found
State of the art on the physical mapping of the Y-chromosome in the Bovidae and comparison with other species - A review
Molecular characterization of the llamas (Lama glama) casein cluster genes transcripts (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3) and regulatory regions
In the present paper, we report for the first time the characterization of llama (Lama glama) caseins at transcriptomic and genetic level. A total of 288 casein clones transcripts were analysed from two lactating llamas. The most represented mRNA populations were those correctly assembled (85.07%) and they encoded for mature proteins of 215, 217, 187 and 162 amino acids respectively for the CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3 genes. The exonic subdivision evidenced a structure made of 21, 9, 17 and 6 exons for the αs1-, ÎČ-, αs2- and Îș-casein genes respectively. Exon skipping and duplication events were evidenced. Two variants A and B were identified in the αs1-casein gene as result of the alternative out-splicing of the exon 18. An additional exon coding for a novel esapeptide was found to be cryptic in the Îș-casein gene, whereas one extra exon was found in the αs2-casein gene by the comparison with the Camelus dromedaries sequence. A total of 28 putative phosphorylated motifs highlighted a complex heterogeneity and a potential variable degree of post-translational modifications. Ninety-six polymorphic sites were found through the comparison of the lama casein cDNAs with the homologous camel sequences, whereas the first description and characterization of the 5'- and 3'-regulatory regions allowed to identify the main putative consensus sequences involved in the casein genes expression, thus opening the way to new investigations -so far- never achieved in this species
Genetic polymorphism of goat CSN1S1 and CSN1S2 genes and their impact on milk composition
by means of selection based on parent genotyping at the DNA level it will be possible to obtain goat populations producing milk characterised by the absence of either as1-casein, or ïĄs2-casein or ïą-casein. Such milk could be useful for specific technological processes of transformation or for specific nutritional or dietary purposes in order to attenuate the negative consequence of some metabolic deficiencies and allergies and to contribute to the prevention of some diseases
Considering the remarkable quantitative polymorphism characterizing the main protein fractions encoding gene, some goat milk types are more similar to the woman milk and, therefore, could be used, with better results, in the human feeding. In fact, the woman milk possess particular characteristics. It is lacking in the ïą-lactoglobulin fraction and it is characterized by a general low content in casein, in particular, as2 casein absence and as1 casein traces, similar to the milk produced by goats with genotype CSN1S2 0/0
Sequencing and Characterization of αs2-Casein Gene (CSN1S2) in the Old-World Camels Have Proven Genetic Variations Useful for the Understanding of Species Diversification
A point mutation in the splice donor site of intron 7 in the as2-casein encoding gene of the Mediterranean River buffalo results in an allele-specific exon skipping
The CSN1S2 cDNA of 10 unrelated Mediterranean
River Buffaloes reared in Southern Italy was amplified
by RT-PCR, while the region from the 6th to the 8th exon
of the CSN1S2 gene was amplified from genomic template.
cDNA sequence comparisons showed
that five individuals had a normal transcript only (named CSN1S2A), one had a
deleted transcript only (named CSN1S2B), because of the splicing out of the 27-bp of
exon 7, and the remaining four had a heterozygous pattern.
Analysis of the genomic sequences revealed a FM865620:
g.773G>C transversion that caused inactivation of the intron 7
splice donor site and, consequently, the allele-specific exon skipping
characteristic of the CSN1S2B allele. The g.773G>C
mutation creates a new AluI restriction site enabling a PCRâ
RFLP rapid genotyping assay. The cDNA sequences showed three additional
exonic mutations forming an extended haplotype with
the g.773G>C polymorphism: FM865618: c.459C>T,
c.484A>T and c.568A>G homozygous and heterozygous
respectively in the CSN1S2BB and CSN1S2AB buffaloes. The
first is silent, while the remaining two are non-conservative
(p.Ile162Phe and p.Thp200Ala respectively). The genotype frequencies (37 CSN1S2A/A,
15 CSN1S2A/B and one CSN1S2B/B) are in agreement with
HardyâWeinberg equilibrium, with the
frequency of the deleted B allele being 0.16.
The predicted bubaline as2B protein
is 198 aa long instead of 207 aa and would also be characterized
by the presence of Phe at position 147 and Ala at 185
Mechanical strength of myofibrillar and connective tissue of Italian Mediterranean Buffalo meat
Familiar Hypopigmentation Syndrome in Sheep Associated with Homozygous Deletion of the Entire Endothelin Type-B Receptor Gene
Characterization of the major whey proteins from milk of Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
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