A New Procedure in Bone Engineering Using Induced Adipose Tissue

Background: Osteoporosis is associated with a metabolic imbalance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. We hypothesized that implanting a carrier for differentiated stem cells and signaling molecules inside adipose tissues could be used to enable transdifferentiation between cells, upregulate osteogenesis, and support bone formation, which may regain the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Methodology: A CL1 human mesenchymal stem cell line was grown in an osteogenic medium to differentiate into osteoblasts, and the differentiated cells were then exposed to an adipogenic medium to stimulate differentiation into adipocytes. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were confirmed by the following assays: alkaline phosphatase staining, Nile red Staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The ratio of adipocytes to osteocytes for both cases was calculated. To evaluate bone induction in vivo, a calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite cement was prepared in a syringe and then seeded with 106 cells/mL of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) and covered with 1 mL of tissue culture media containing 0.1 mg of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). The construct was injected into the abdominal fat tissue of 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: The conversion of osteocytes to adipocytes was 20-fold greater than the reverse conversion, and the area of bone regeneration was 15.7 ± 3.7%, the area of adipose tissue was 65.8 ± 13.1%, and the area of fibrous tissue was 18.3 ± 7.8%. Conclusion: Adipogenic interconversion and associated bone formation demonstrate the potential of a new therapy for balancing osteogenesis and adipogenesis

Porous Polyethylene Coated with Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Particles as a Bone Reconstruction Material

In this study, porous polyethylene scaffolds were examined as bone substitutes in vitro and in vivo in critical-sized calvarial bone defects in transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats. A microscopic examination revealed that the pores appeared to be interconnected across the material, making them suitable for cell growth. The creep recovery behavior of porous polyethylene at different loads indicated that the creep strain had two main portions. In both portions, strain increased with increased applied load and temperature. In terms of the thermographic behavior of the material, remarkable changes in melting temperature and heat fusion were revealed with increased the heating rates. The tensile strength results showed that the material was sensitive to the strain rate and that there was adequate mechanical strength to support cell growth. The in vitro cell culture results showed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached to the porous polyethylene scaffold. Calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite (CS–HA) coating of the scaffold not only improved attachment but also increased the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, histological analysis showed that the study groups had active bone remodeling at the border of the defect. Bone regeneration at the border was also evident, which confirmed that the polyethylene acted as an osteoconductive bone graft. Furthermore, bone formation inside the pores of the coated polyethylene was also noted, which would enhance the process of osteointegration

Comparison of the Protective Effects of Nebivolol and Metoprolol against LPS-Induced Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts

Here, we, for the first time, compared the cardioprotective effects of third-generation vasodilating beta-blocker nebivolol (Neb) and conventional beta-blocker metoprolol (Met) on LPS-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Our findings denoted that Neb and Met pretreatment diminish LPS-mediated cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Concomitantly, LPS-triggered inflammatory cytokines activation was significantly suppressed by Neb but not by Met. Pretreatment with either Neb or Met alleviated LPS-mediated mitochondrial impairment by enhancing the expression of genes related to its biogenesis such as PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. On the contrary, Neb but not Met-upregulated mitochondrial fusion-related genes such as OPA, and MFN2. In summary, our findings suggest that Neb and Met treatment significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Additionally, these findings suggest that Neb but not Met significantly down-regulates LPS-induced proinflammatory factors, probably by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion

Lisinopril has a cardio-protective effect on experimental acute autoimmune myocarditis in rats

The present study investigated the effect of lisinopril on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats, a histologically similar model to human acute myocarditis. Animals and methods. Twenty four, six week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I received no treatment. Group II received lisinopril at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day suspended in 1 ml of 2% gum acacia daily, from day 1 to day 21. To induce myocarditis, animals of groups III and IV were injected by 1 mg of porcine cardiac myosin on days 1 and 8. In addition, animals of group IV received lisinopril in gum acacia daily, from day 1 to day 21. All rats were sacrificed on day 21. Serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, troponin-T, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were estimated. Hearts were processed for histopathological, as well as immunohistochemical study for thioredoxin (TRX) immunoreactivity. Results. The wall of hearts from rats of myocarditislisinopril group showed mild focal myocarditis and a significant decrease of the mean percentage of pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes, coincident with a significant decrease in serum biomarkers levels and TRX immunoreactivity, compared to myocarditis group. Conclusion. The present study suggested a cardioprotective effect of lisinopril on acute EAM in rats, probably through a mechanism related to its suppressive effect on angiotensin II formation

Cytotoxicity of Different Concentrations of Three Root Canal Sealers on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

This study assessed the dose-dependent effect on the cytotoxicity of BioRoot RCS (BR) and Endosequence BC (BC) sealers in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to those of the AH Plus sealer. Cells were exposed to different dilutions of extracts from freshly prepared sealers (1:2, 1:8, 1:32). Unexposed cells acted as the negative control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by an alamar blue assay. Cell morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy after exposure to the different sealers’ extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). The cytotoxicities of BC and BR were less than that of AH Plus. In the presence of 1:2 BR, the cell proliferation was significantly lower than the control. At 1:8 and 1:32 concentrations, both the tricalcium silicate sealers led to similar cellular proliferation. Cells in BC and BR sealers’ extracts spread better than those in AH Plus extract

Rapid Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Seed Extracts and Their Cytotoxicity on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

In this research we focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pimpinella anisum seed extract. Furthermore, we evaluated their cytotoxicity on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Our results revealed the anti-cancerous cytotoxic potential of green synthesized AgNPs. Green synthesized AgNPs exhibited high cytotoxicity on colorectal adenocarcinoma CRC cells. They selectively killed cancer cells through suppression of proliferation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, between the two different clones, SW620 cells were more sensitive than HCT8 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that AgNPs could be effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents or a combination nano-drug in future anti-cancer therapy

Bioactivities of the Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Reduced Using Allium cepa L Aqueous Extracts Induced Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Allium cepa L (A. cepa) extract is frequently used as an adjuvant food in cancer treatment. We hypothesized that it contains a source of anticancer activity. There is a need to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an environment-friendly green synthesis reduction method using an aqueous extract of A. cepa. The AgNPs-CEPA were prepared by reduction method using the aqueous extract of A. cepa. The formed AgNPs-CEPA were characterized for their sizes and charge distribution. The AgNP-CEPA was investigated for its antioxidant and anticancer properties. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and apoptosis measurement was carried out by flow cytometry in AgNP-CEPA-treated cells. The results showed a uniform size for AgNPs-CEPA of 155 & PLUSMN;2.1 nm with a zeta potential of -37.3 & PLUSMN;-2.92 mv. The produced AgNPs-CEPA are biocompatible with anticancer action and a moderate level of antioxidant reactivity. AgNPs-CEPA showed better reducing activity for A. cepa extract compared to the AgNPs-CEPA. AgNP-CEPA treatment of human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW620) inhibited cell proliferation and altered Bcl2 family gene expression. Moreover, exposure of cell lines to AgNPs-CEPA resulted in the significant induction of apoptosis compared to A. cepa and AgNO3. These findings indicate that AgNP-CEPA induces apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl2 family gene expression, suggesting that this formula is a promising anticancer agent for treating colorectal cancer