Suplemento de zinc asociado a la modificación del recuento de linfocitos TCD4 en pacientes con TARGA del Hospital II EsSalud – Talara en el 2020 - 2021

OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación de suplementos de zinc sobre los cambios en el recuento de Linfocitos T CD4 en pacientes con TARGA del Hospital II Essalud - Talara en el 2020 – 2021. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente estudio corresponde a un diseño: Analítico Observacional Prospectivo Cohortes. Participaron 12 pacientes del programa TARGA del Hospital II Essalud -Talara en el 2020 – 2021, los que se asignaron al azar en número de 6 para el grupo casos y 6 para el grupo control. Se tuvieron en cuenta los valores basales de LT CD4, se procedió a administrar 15 mg diarios de zinc durante 6 meses al grupo casos, realizando el recuento de LTCD4 al culminar este período en todos los pacientes. Se utilizó la prueba T de Student; para determinar si existe diferencia significativa entre el grupo de personas VIH positivos en TARGA que recibieron Zinc y el que no lo hizo. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad de linfocitos TCD4 de los pacientes que solo recibían TARGA, en comparación con aquellos que además del TARGA recibieron 15 mg de Zinc al día durante 6 meses OR: 2 IC [16,4- 28,4]. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de suplementos de zinc incrementa el recuento de los linfocitos T CD4 en pacientes con TARGA.OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of zinc supplements on the changes in the CD4 T lymphocyte count in patients with HAART from Hospital II Essalud -Talara in 2020 - 2021 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study corresponds to a design: Analytical Observational Prospective Cohorts. Twelve patients of the HAART program of Hospital II Essalud -Talara participated in 2020-2021, which were randomized in number of 6 for the case group and 6 for the control group. Baseline CD4 LT values were taken into account, 15 mg of zinc was administered daily for 6 months to the group of cases, performing the LTCD4 count at the end of this period in all patients. Student's t test was used; to determine if there is a significant difference between the group of HIV positive people on HAART who received Zinc and those who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the number of TCD4 lymphocytes in patients who only received HAART, compared to those who, in addition to HAART, received 15 mg of zinc per day for 6 months OR: 2 CI [16.4 28.4]. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation increases the CD4 T lymphocyte count in HAART patients.Tesi

Graph Convolutional Network Using Adaptive Neighborhood Laplacian Matrix for Hyperspectral Images with Application to Rice Seed Image Classification

Graph convolutional neural network architectures combine feature extraction and convolutional layers for hyperspectral image classification. An adaptive neighborhood aggregation method based on statistical variance integrating the spatial information along with the spectral signature of the pixels is proposed for improving graph convolutional network classification of hyperspectral images. The spatial-spectral information is integrated into the adjacency matrix and processed by a single-layer graph convolutional network. The algorithm employs an adaptive neighborhood selection criteria conditioned by the class it belongs to. Compared to fixed window-based feature extraction, this method proves effective in capturing the spectral and spatial features with variable pixel neighborhood sizes. The experimental results from the Indian Pines, Houston University, and Botswana Hyperion hyperspectral image datasets show that the proposed AN-GCN can significantly improve classification accuracy. For example, the overall accuracy for Houston University data increases from 81.71% (MiniGCN) to 97.88% (AN-GCN). Furthermore, the AN-GCN can classify hyperspectral images of rice seeds exposed to high day and night temperatures, proving its efficacy in discriminating the seeds under increased ambient temperature treatments

Evaluación de los niveles de iluminación en las instalaciones de la Facultad de Química y Farmacia de la Universidad de El Salvador

En la presente investigación evaluamos las condiciones de Iluminación en las instalaciones de la Facultad de Química y Farmacia de la Universidad de El Salvador, ante la importancia de cumplir con lo estipulado en el Decreto N°89 y así mismo conocer la percepción del personal sobre la iluminación en sus puestos de trabajo; la cual se llevó a cabo recopilando los datos cuantitativos para aplicar el método de cuadricula y determinando la iluminancia media con ayuda de un luxómetro calibrado y conocer el nivel de uniformidad de la iluminación en el área de estudio; tomando también como referencia los resultados cualitativos de la encuesta de percepción de iluminación en los lugares de trabajo. Se obtuvo como resultado que el nivel de iluminación en los laboratorios no cumple en un 89% de las áreas evaluadas; el nivel de iluminación en las oficinas no cumple en un 77% del total las áreas evaluadas y el nivel de iluminación en las aulas, auditórium y biblioteca no cumple en un 61% de las áreas evaluadas según las especificaciones del Decreto N°89. Se determinó que el 69% del personal caracteriza el nivel de iluminación como bueno en su lugar de trabajo. Por lo cual se realizó un análisis de riesgo contrastando los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos para poder determinar que un 33% del personal presenta riesgo a su salud por la mala iluminación en sus puestos de trabajo. Dado los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se informará al Comité de Salud Ocupacional de la Facultad de Química y Farmacia los siguientes puntos a considerar: mejorar la distribución y reorganización de los puestos de trabajo para evitar deslumbramientos directos al rostro de los trabajadores, así como disminuir los contrastes y sombras en los puestos de trabajo y realizar charlas de enfoque al tema

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Graph Convolutional Network Using Adaptive Neighborhood Laplacian Matrix for Hyperspectral Images with Application to Rice Seed Image Classification

Graph convolutional neural network architectures combine feature extraction and convolutional layers for hyperspectral image classification. An adaptive neighborhood aggregation method based on statistical variance integrating the spatial information along with the spectral signature of the pixels is proposed for improving graph convolutional network classification of hyperspectral images. The spatial-spectral information is integrated into the adjacency matrix and processed by a single-layer graph convolutional network. The algorithm employs an adaptive neighborhood selection criteria conditioned by the class it belongs to. Compared to fixed window-based feature extraction, this method proves effective in capturing the spectral and spatial features with variable pixel neighborhood sizes. The experimental results from the Indian Pines, Houston University, and Botswana Hyperion hyperspectral image datasets show that the proposed AN-GCN can significantly improve classification accuracy. For example, the overall accuracy for Houston University data increases from 81.71% (MiniGCN) to 97.88% (AN-GCN). Furthermore, the AN-GCN can classify hyperspectral images of rice seeds exposed to high day and night temperatures, proving its efficacy in discriminating the seeds under increased ambient temperature treatments

Efecto de un taller en la autonomía y toma de decisiones en niños preescolares de la Institución Apóstol Santiago, La Libertad, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la autonomía y su relación en la toma de decisiones en niños preescolares en la Institución Apóstol Santiago. Se trabajó un diseño pre experimental en nuestra investigación, para ello aplicamos a una población de sesenta y dos niños de nivel inicial, teniendo como muestra a cuarenta niños en 3 años 14 niños, en 4 con 14 y 5 años con 12 niños, utilizando para ellos una guía de observación para poder evaluar a los niños su nivel de autonomía y toma de decisiones a través de un pre test y post test. Primero aplicamos el pre test para saber en qué nivel están, para así poder realizar un taller brindándoles conocimientos sobre los ítems que hemos tratado, donde obtuvimos como resultados en esta primera guía de observación se aplicó el pre test para medir la Autonomía de los preescolares donde se obtuvo que el 15% se encuentran en el nivel de inicio, el 75% en proceso y el 10% en logrado y después al aplicar el post test los resultados fueron más positivos teniendo como resultado se encontró que el 10% se encuentra en inicio, el 30% en proceso y el 60% en logrado. Asimismo, al medir la toma de decisiones de los preescolares obtuvimos como resultado en el pre test que el 25% se encuentran en el nivel de inicio, el 67.5% en proceso y el 8% en logrado, luego al aplicar el post test se encontró que el 12.5% se encuentra en inicio, el 22.5% en proceso y el 65% en logrado. Al finalizar como conclusiones en el trabajo de investigación se determinó que la aplicación del taller tuvo efecto positivo en el desarrollo de la autonomía en niños y toma de decisiones de edad preescolar de la Institución Apóstol Santiago, La Libertad 2019, teniendo como resultado de la prueba estadística T (p- valor <0.05) es decir se puede afirmar que se mejoró los resultados en ambos pruebas y efecto fue positivo

Multiplicity dependence of light (anti-)nuclei production in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

The measurement of the deuteron and anti-deuteron production in the rapidity range −1 < y < 0 as a function of transverse momentum and event multiplicity in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV is presented. (Anti-)deuterons are identified via their specific energy loss dE/dx and via their time-of- flight. Their production in p–Pb collisions is compared to pp and Pb–Pb collisions and is discussed within the context of thermal and coalescence models. The ratio of integrated yields of deuterons to protons (d/p) shows a significant increase as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity of the event starting from values similar to those observed in pp collisions at low multiplicities and approaching those observed in Pb–Pb collisions at high multiplicities. The mean transverse particle momenta are extracted from the deuteron spectra and the values are similar to those obtained for p and particles. Thus, deuteron spectra do not follow mass ordering. This behaviour is in contrast to the trend observed for non-composite particles in p–Pb collisions. In addition, the production of the rare 3He and 3He nuclei has been studied. The spectrum corresponding to all non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions is obtained in the rapidity window −1 < y < 0 and the pT-integrated yield dN/dy is extracted. It is found that the yields of protons, deuterons, and 3He, normalised by the spin degeneracy factor, follow an exponential decrease with mass number

Long daytime napping is associated with increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome

Research examining associations between objectively-measured napping time and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate daytime napping in relation to T2D and adiposity measures in elderly individuals from the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2190 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, was carried out. Accelerometer-derived napping was measured. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D were obtained using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with constant time. Linear regression models were fitted to examine associations of napping with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants napping ≥90 min had a higher prevalence of T2D (PR 1.37 (1.06, 1.78)) compared with those napping 5 to <30 min per day. Significant positive associations with BMI and WC were found in those participants napping ≥30 min as compared to those napping 5 to <30 min per day. The findings of this study suggest that longer daytime napping is associated with higher T2D prevalence and greater adiposity measures in an elderly Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensives obre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), the grant from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant and FEDER funds (CB06/03), Olga Castaner is granted by the JR17/00022, ISCIII. Christopher Papandreou is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (PERIS 2016-2020 Incorporació de Científics I Tecnòlegs, SLT002/0016/00428). Jadwiga Konieczna is supported by the "FOLIUM" program within the FUTURMed project. Talent for the medicine within the future from the Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears. This call is co-financed at 50% with charge to the Operational Program FSE 2014-2020 of the Balearic Islands. José C. Fernández-García is supported by a research contract from Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) (B-0003-2017). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility to submit for publication