Educación literaria y Planes de lectura, o la necesidad de conciliar opuestos

Una breve incursión en las disposiciones legales nos permitirá situarnos en torno a cuestiones básicas sobre la consideración que, desde instancias oficiales, se dispensa a la lectura, con el propósito de esbozar mínimamente el modelo lector que la denominada “sociedad del conocimiento” precisa si deseamos superar el bache por el que atraviesan nuestros escolares en cuanto a comprensión lectora, asunto que cada tres años ocasiona bastante revuelo cuando se hacen públicos los datos del informe PISA

Mujer y educación literaria: una aproximación a los clubes de lectura

Retomamos las palabras de Gadamer con el objeto de pensar en la lectura como algo que tiene que ver con aquello que nos hacer ser lo que somos en un mundo caracterizado por la abundancia de estímulos, pero escaso de experiencias605. Y en este sentido, nos parece fundamental la consideración de la experiencia no como un experimento que puede planificarse al modo técnico con el objeto de descifrar un código, sino como el “conocimiento de la vida adquirido por las circunstancias o situaciones vividas”606 que precisa de la apertura hacia lo desconocido, de manera que seamos capaces de construir un sentido que nos facilite nuestra relación con nosotros y con el mund

Cuentos del lejano Oriente: imágenes con palabras

Una aproximación al panorama actual de la educación literaria pone de manifiesto la necesidad de repensar el modelo lector que nos envuelve. A partir de un cuento de Montserrat del Amo ambientado en China, planteamos la posibilidad de trabajar poesía y narración conjuntamente con el objeto de potenciar la educación estética y literaria de los escolares

Educación literaria y currículum en España desde 1970

La ausencia de una Historia de la Educación Literaria como corpus teórico a partir del cual construir la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura, incide negativamente en la configuración de esta área de conocimiento. El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de dirigir la mirada desde el saber académico hacia el saber escolar con el objeto de comprender los procesos que engarzan los discursos y las prescripciones oficiales con las prácticas educativas. La lectura de las distintas leyes y programas sobre educación aprobadas en España desde 1970, supone una primera aproximación en la tarea de conocer el lugar que la educación literaria ha ocupado en los planes de estudio

Presynaptic adenosine receptor heteromers as key modulators of glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum

Adenosine plays a very significant role in modulating striatal glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. In the present essay we first review the extensive evidence that indicates this modulation is mediated by adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1Rs and A2ARs) differentially expressed by the components of the striatal microcircuit that include cortico-striatal glutamatergic and mesencephalic dopaminergic terminals, and the cholinergic interneuron. This microcircuit mediates the ability of striatal glutamate release to locally promote dopamine release through the intermediate activation of cholinergic interneurons. A1Rs and A2ARs are colocalized in the cortico-striatal glutamatergic terminals, where they form A1R-A2AR and A2AR-cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) heteromers. We then evaluate recent findings on the unique properties of A1R-A2AR and A2AR-CB1R heteromers, which depend on their different quaternary tetrameric structure. These properties involve different allosteric mechanisms in the two receptor heteromers that provide fine-tune modulation of adenosine and endocannabinoid-mediated striatal glutamate release. Finally, we evaluate the evidence supporting the use of different heteromers containing striatal adenosine receptors as targets for drug development for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, based on the ability or inability of the A2AR to demonstrate constitutive activity in the different heteromers, and the ability of some A2AR ligands to act preferentially as neutral antagonists or inverse agonists, or to have preferential affinity for a specific A2AR heteromer

Protección de ácido ascórbico por antioxidantes sulfurados

A study was made of the protective effect that various sulphurated synthetic anti-oxidants produce with different concentrations in a watery solution of ascorbic acid. The oxidation process was accelerated by using temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C and the corresponding parameters were calculated in agreement with a diminishing kinetics to the order of one.Se estudia el efecto protector que varios antioxidantes sintéticos sulfurados, ejercen a distintas concentraciones, sobre una solución acuosa de ácido ascórbico. Se acelera el proceso de oxidación, utilizando temperaturas de 40, 50 Y 60°C y se calculan los parámetros correspondientes de acuerdo con una cinética de degradación de orden uno

Protección de ácido ascórbico por antioxidantes sulfurados

Se estudia el efecto protector que varios antioxidantes sintéticos sulfurados, ejercen a distintas concentraciones, sobre una solución acuosa de ácido ascórbico. Se acelera el proceso de oxidación, utilizando temperaturas de 40, 50 Y 60°C y se calculan los parámetros correspondientes de acuerdo con una cinética de degradación de orden uno.A study was made of the protective effect that various sulphurated synthetic anti-oxidants produce with different concentrations in a watery solution of ascorbic acid. The oxidation process was accelerated by using temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C and the corresponding parameters were calculated in agreement with a diminishing kinetics to the order of one

Antiparkinsonian efficacy of guanosine in rodent models of movement disorder

Guanosine (GUO) is a guanine-based purine nucleoside with important trophic functions and promising neuroprotective properties. Although the neuroprotective effects of GUO have been corroborated in cellular models of Parkinson's disease (PD), its efficacy as an antiparkinsonian agent has not been fully explored in PD animal models. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of GUO in reversing motor impairments in several rodent movement disorder models, including catalepsy, tremor, and hemiparkinsonism. Our results showed that orally administered GUO antagonized reserpine-mediated catalepsy, reduced reserpine-induced tremulous jaw movements, and potentiated the number of contralateral rotations induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in unilaterally 6-hydroxidopamine-lesioned rats. In addition, at 5 and 7.5 mg/kg, GUO inhibited L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats chronically treated with a pro-dopaminergic agent. Overall, we describe the therapeutic potential of GUO, which may be effective not only for reversing parkinsonian motor impairments but also for reducing dyskinesia induced by treatment for PD

Short-term effect of heat waves on hospital admissions in Madrid: Analysis by gender and comparision with previous findings

Global warming affects health through multiple exposures and pathways, in and is turn deeply influenced by climate change. Every year, several million deaths are caused by environmental factors, many of which are aggravated by climate change or its drivers (WHO, 2016). The adverse effects of climate change on health are varied, complex and far-reaching. Essentially, climate change acts as a multiplier for global health threats, compounding many of the health issues communities already face. Disproportionately affect the health of vulnerable groups and people in lower income countries, thus exacerbating inequalities and gender differences (Watts et al., 2018)

Functional Interplay of Type-2 Corticotrophin Releasing Factor and Dopamine Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry

Background: Basolateral amygdala (BLA) excitatory projections to medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) play a key role controlling stress behavior, pain, and fear. Indeed, stressful events block synaptic plasticity at the BLA-PFC circuit. The stress responses involve the action of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) through type 1 and type 2 CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Interestingly, it has been described that dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) and CRF peptide have a modulatory role of BLA-PFC transmission. However, the participation of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in BLA-PFC synaptic transmission still is unclear. Methods: We used in vivo microdialysis to determine dopamine and glutamate (GLU) extracellular levels in PFC after BLA stimulation. Immunofluorescence anatomical studies in rat PFC synaptosomes devoid of postsynaptic elements were performed to determine the presence of D1R and CRF2 receptors in synaptical nerve endings. Results: Here, we provide direct evidence of the opposite role that CRF receptors exert over dopamine extracellular levels in the PFC. We also show that D1R colocalizes with CRF2 receptors in PFC nerve terminals. Intra-PFC infusion of antisauvagine-30, a CRF2 receptor antagonist, increased PFC GLU extracellular levels induced by BLA activation. Interestingly, the increase in GLU release observed in the presence of antisauvagine-30 was significantly reduced by incubation with SCH23390, a D1R antagonist. Conclusion: PFC CRF2 receptor unmasks D1R effect over glutamatergic transmission of the BLA-PFC circuit. Overall, CRF2 receptor emerges as a new modulator of BLA to PFC glutamatergic transmission, thus playing a potential role in emotional disorders. Keywords: CRF2 receptor; D1 receptor; dopaminergic transmission; glutamatergic transmission; prefrontal cortex