3 research outputs found
Reducing Aggregate Electric Vehicle Battery Capacity through Sharing
Meeting growing demand for automotive battery resources is predicted to be
costly from both economic and environmental perspectives. To minimize these
costs, battery resources should be deployed as efficiently as possible. A
potential source of inefficiency in battery deployment is the fact that the
batteries of personal vehicles are typically much larger than needed to meet
most daily mobility needs. In this paper, we consider whether battery resources
can be used more efficiently in a setting where drivers, in addition to having
personal vehicle batteries, have access to a shared battery resource. More
precisely, we consider the problem of minimizing aggregate battery capacity in
settings with and without a shared resource subject to the requirement that
driver commuting needs are met with high reliability. To assess the potential
for reductions in deployed battery capacity with the addition of a shared
resource, we quantify the difference in deployed battery capacity with and
without a shared resource in case study using real-world longitudinal mobility
data from Puget Sound, Washington. We find that giving drivers access to a
shared battery resource can substantially reduces deployed battery capacity.
Furthermore, relative reductions in battery capacity increase with number of
drivers and the level of reliability desired.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Achieving Reliable Coordination of Residential Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging: A Pilot Study
Wide-scale electrification of the transportation sector will require careful
planning and coordination with the power grid. Left unmanaged, uncoordinated
charging of electric vehicles (EVs) at increased levels of penetration will
amplify existing peak loads, potentially outstripping the grid's capacity to
reliably meet demand. In this paper, we report findings from the OptimizEV
Project - a real-world pilot study in Upstate New York exploring a novel
approach to coordinated residential EV charging. The proposed coordination
mechanism seeks to harness the latent flexibility in EV charging by offering EV
owners monetary incentives to delay the time required to charge their EVs. Each
time an EV owner initiates a charging session, they specify how long they
intend to leave their vehicle plugged in by selecting from a menu of deadlines
that offers lower electricity prices the longer they're willing to delay the
time required to charge their EV. Given a collection of active charging
requests, a smart charging system dynamically optimizes the power being drawn
by each EV in real time to minimize strain on the grid, while ensuring that
each customer's car is fully charged by its deadline. Under the proposed
incentive mechanism, we find that customers are frequently willing to engage in
optimized charging sessions, allowing the system to delay the completion of
their charging requests by more than eight hours on average. Using the
flexibility provided by customers, the smart charging system was shown to be
highly effective in shifting the majority of EV charging loads off-peak to fill
the night-time valley of the aggregate load curve. Customer opt-in rates
remained stable over the span of the study, providing empirical evidence in
support of the proposed coordination mechanism as a potentially viable
"non-wires alternative" to meet the increased demand for electricity driven
growing EV adoption.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure