TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR HEMP FIBER CROP

Hemp is not a crop prohibited or restricted by law, only that such a plantation must be authorized and monitored by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.The paper will present the partial results obtained in a research project in which a piece of equipment for harvesting green hemp stems was grounded and made in order to process these stems to obtain fibers. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of existing mechanical harvesting systems for hemp fiber crops with special reference to hemp

CEREAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

By storing the cereals immediately after harvesting in warehouses, or silos, in layers with a height of 2-3 m, the phenomenon of heating inevitably occurs, which leads to a decrease in quality and even to the degradation of the products in a relatively short time. Proper aeration is one of the most important processes in a grain storage system and is essential for maintaining the quality of stored products. A properly used aeration system helps control insect infestations and moisture migration, reducing grain damage and saving money. The paper will present the results of experiments for storing grain in bulk, in a warehouse with floor ventilation channels, for different products, depending on the variable elements: layer height for various seeds, product humidity, air flow speed, etc

TECHNICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE OBTAINING AND USE OF THE CAMELINE GROATS IN ANIMAL FEEDING

The by-products resulting from the extraction of oil from oilseeds represent alternative strategies for animal feeding, a new source of food. In the paper were presented some physical characteristics of cameline cakes resulting from mechanical processing with a pilot installation for the production of vegetable oils. To study the effects at the ruminal level, tests were performed on fistulized animals fed with fodder in which the camelina shrimp replaced the sunflower. The values recorded for pH dynamics indicated that camelina grist could replace sunflower seed without negative effects on ruminal metabolism under certain conditions

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROCESSES OF HARVESTING AND PRIMARY PROCESSING OF GREEN HEMP STALKS

Hemp (Canabis sativa L. - industrial hemp) is the industrial plant most widely used in the industry, and from this plant everything is used. The products obtained from hemp are of a great variety, from the common rope to the medicinal or cosmetic substances, textiles, automotive or construction materials. As demands for fibre appeared on the hemp market, farmers and researchers from research centres in our country want to make machines that allow them to harvest and process the stalks while green. Coming to their support, the article presents aspects related to the optimal conditions for harvesting hemp stalks for processing and to establish the main characteristics of the cutting devices of the harvesting machines. The paper presents the Equipment for harvesting green hemp stalks, equipment that performs sequential harvesting of hemp stalks leaving them organised on the ground. At the same time, the technological scheme for harvesting green hemp stalks and its advantages are presented

Researches on drying the clover through aeration to obtain hay

Harvesting, preparation and conservation of hay is a frequent method for harvesting fodder from grasslands and forage crops, especially from the hill and mountain areas. The greatest losses of nutrients are obtained by traditional drying on the stubble of the hay. These losses are in the case of unfavourable weather even at 50 ... 60%, the drying time increasing to over 6 ... 8 days. This paper presents the results of the experimental researches achieved within a new technology for shortening the time from harvesting the clover to obtaining the hay at storage humidity. A pilot ventilation installation with a monitoring and control system for working processes was used to carry out the research. During the experiments, the parameters of the aeration agent were measured: temperature and humidity, as well as clover mass characteristics: humidity, temperature, drying uniformity

Researches on obtaining vegetable oils as a source of alternative energy

Biodiesel type fuel is widely used on a large scale in most of the European Union. Carbon dioxide is eliminated by combusting biodiesel, but not toxic emissions. Due to the more drastic European ecological demands to reduce the quantity of toxic emissions from automobiles, there is an increased interest to use biodiesel, because it is a bio-degradable and non-polluting fuel. Even by mixing diesel fuel with biodiesel in a percentage of 20%, the emission of toxic gases will be greatly reduced. Vegetable oils used as biofuels are obtained from oleaginous plant crops, without any prejudice to food security. The use of biodiesel can also bring benefits by prolonging the lifetime of diesel engines, ensuring a better lubrication. The paper presents a series of researches on obtaining vegetable oils from various oleaginous seeds (rapeseed, camelina, hemp) using a special installation for producing oils through cold pressing

Theoretical considerations on the factors influencing the processing of hemp stalks

The present work is achieved based on the processing of the data accumulated over time, within the activity of research, technological engineering, and testing of machines for processing agricultural products in the last years, as well as studying the specialized literature with the latest achievements of some companies that make machinery for processing agricultural products. The compression of the hemp stalks for processing is analyzed, the main characteristics of the working rolls, the specific energy consumed are determined and an analysis of the obtained fiber length is performed. In order to develop a technical equipment for processing hemp stalks that ensures high performance, the following aspects were studied: the constructive and functional factors of a technical equipment that influence the working processes in order to choose a performance solution for processing hemp stalks. In the last part of the paper, the main technical and functional characteristics of a high-performance technical equipment for processing the hemp stalks harvested in green are established

Storage of grains and technical plants through active ventilation for the purpose of maintaining the quality of stored products

The problem of grain storage and storage can be approached from two perspectives: storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within individual agricultural holdings; storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within agricultural associations and companies. At the level of Romania, the storage and storage of cereals at small agricultural producers are deficient in terms of ensuring optimal storage conditions according to standards. These variants include: preservation at low temperatures; preservation by active aeration; self-preservation; chemical preservation; conservation with the help of radiation. In the paper we will approach the conservation by active aeration because it folds better for small agricultural producers. Proper aeration is one of the most important processes in a grain storage system and is essential for maintaining the quality of stored products. Aeration means the movement of a relatively small volume of air through the grain mass in order to control the temperature of the grain and to reduce the risk of product degradation. The two main objectives of aeration are to maintain a uniform temperature in the grain mass and at the same time the temperature must be as low as possible from a practical point of view. The paper will present the results of experiments for storing bulk grain in a metal cell with central aeration system, which is based on a patent. This type of storage system can be used successfully in small agricultural producers

Analysis of the process of green hemp stalks sequential harvesting

HEMP (Cannabis Sativa - Industrial Hemp) is the industrial plant with the highest use of all these plants in the industry, since nothing is thrown away from this plant. Hemp is the plant of which everything is used, and the products obtained are of a great diversity, from the common rope to the medicinal or cosmetic substances, textiles, automotive or construction materials. It is an unpretentious plant because, apart from the fact that it wants a neutral PH and soils without excess humidity, no maintenance work need to be done and no extra care should be given. The fibre hemp is harvested at the technical maturity when the male plants shed the last pollen grains, and the stalks have a greenish-yellow colour and the leaves fell on the ground. Production management is different for an exclusive fibre production. If we look for raw materials that meet the demands of different areas of the economy with the lowest costs, we must take into account the reactivation of the hemp culture at the level of Romania, because, as we mentioned above, hemp is the plant of which everything is capitalised, and the products obtained are of a great diversity. By applying the technology for processing the stalks in green, the obtained fibre can be used with special results in the strawberry culture at the mulching operation. The paper presents the Equipment for harvesting green hemp stalks ERCV, equipment that performs sequential harvesting of hemp stalks leaving them on the ground. At the same time, factors that influence the process of harvesting hemp stalks are presented: harvesters’ cutting devices, kinematic of the cutting blades, cutting speed, cutting angles of the cutting blades, the forces acting on the blade and the power required to drive the cutting devices

Selective, weighted morphological research, by dividing the equipment for biocompost production by submorphologies

This paper describes the use of the method of selective, weighted morphological research by dividing by inventics submorphologies to analyze the equipment for biocompost production. The selective morphological research method was used to find the optimal constructive solution which is then developed in the research, design and testing of an innovative piece of equipment. Using Bellman's principle and the method of morphological analysis, the known constructive solutions will be studied, their weighting will be achieved by dividing by submorphologies and the Bellman diagram will be constructed to determine the weighting coefficient of the optimal solution