Immunotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer Treatment

Despite the improvement in overall survival (OS) by platinum-based chemotherapy (NSCLC Meta-Analyses Collaborative Group, 2008), prognosis remains unsatisfactory for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We discuss in this chapter the new era of advanced lung cancer systemic therapy represented by immunotherapy. First of all I presented one of the modalities of immunological diagnostics based on new technology. The mechanism of action of the immunoagents is shortly described. In the in most part of the chapter, the main immunotherapeutic agents used in lung cancer immunotherapy are analyzed: vaccines, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, and checkpoint inhibitors. In the end of the chapter, the combination between immunotherapeutic agents is discussed

Tirosyne Kinase Inhibithors (TKIs) in the Treatment of Non –Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Practical Pharmacological Aspects

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors are new drugs developed in the last decade. For Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer this drug brought more hope for patients with this disease. Also TKIs are better tolerated then chemotherapy. The efficacy of TKIs is dependent of the presence of Epidermal Grows Factor Receptor gene mutation. This mutation account for about 9% of patients with lung cancer in Europe. This short review try to give the minimal knowledge to clinicians, especially medical oncologists, about mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics of TKIs used in the treatment NSCLC. Keywords: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI); Non -Small Cell Lung Cancer; Pharmacokinetics aspect

The Microeconomic Complexity Derivatives: Financial Crisis Paradigms in Romania

AbstractAn economic financial crisis is defined as a complex process whose characterization requires a systemic approach. The complexity lies, first of all, in the field of economic and social context of the continence both globally and regionally and nationally. Secondly, the research processes utilize a large volume of methods and indicators to facilitate addressing the factors that triggered the crisis, and maintain its State, these are necessary to the eradication of crisis and resuming the economic growth. The present work aims to reveal a scientific construction of complexity based on rules and paradigms used in analysis of quotations Exchange which enable to provide solutions and ways out of the economic financial crisis. we build our model based on several indicators as the development in the harmonised index of consumer prices of Romania (ICPS), and compared the results to the moving average of the same 12-month index and correlated it to growth rate for the period 2009 till 2015 and establish a projection to 2015. After we started to study the impact of currency exchange as paradigm playing a role on contributing to the crisis with the help of identify the currency pressure indicator which calculates the additive in the form of a weighted rate computed according to the relationship between the exchange rate Dynamics (CS), interest on loans growth rate (r) and dynamics (res) international reserves to get a closer look on how Romanian national Bank perform in such conditions and if there politics succeeded to make difference in holding out the great rescission

Impact of risk factors on the evolution of severe acute pancreatitis

Introduction. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas with increasing incidence and mortality rates in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age, comorbidities, and different scoring systems on the complications and outcomes of SAP. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 161 patients diagnosed and treated for SAP at the Bucharest University Hospital in the intensive care unit (ICU), in the period 2014-2021. The impact of risk factors for the development of SAP, occurrence of complications (respiratory, cardiac, etc.), length of hospital stays and mortality was analyzed using several scores (BISAP, Ranson, Apache II and SOFA) or modified computed tomography severity index. Preexisting chronic conditions were assessed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Multivariate statistics and non-parametric univariate were calculated in statistical analysis. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used. Results. Risk factors such as age, diet, medication, alcohol consumption, genetic factors and patient comorbidities contribute significantly to the development of a severe form of acute pancreatitis with critical course and high mortality. Conclusions. In our study, CCI was the most important factor correlated with death and duration of ICU treatment

Caracteristica igienică a solului influenţată de procesul salubrizării în mun. Chişinău

În articol este elucidată informaţia privind starea de management şi de monitorizare a procesului de salubrizare de deşeuri menagere solide a localităţilor urbane şi rurale ale mun. Chişinău. Sunt prezentate rezultatele investigaţiilor de laborator a probelor de sol recoltate din teritoriul zonei de trai, terenurile de joacă pentru copii şi zonele de agrement în dinamică şi ponderea probelor neconforme la indicatorii sanitaro-chimici, microbiologici şi parazitologici

Markers for tumor margin assessment through raman spectroscopy in comparative oncology

The occurrence of tumour diseases in both animals and humans is continuously increasing. Research in nanosciences and molecular biology has put lately an intense effort to identify the aetiology factors and seek for new ways of diagnostic and targeted therapies aimed at reducing mortality and increasing chances to healing. Extensive development of cancer tumours is frequently counteracted through surgery. Assessment of a clean surgical margin is vital and a precise and rapid diagnostic down to molecule level represents a technical challenge with important clinical implications. We present a new way of using surgery instruments and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for direct ex vivo (no freezing, no staining) and in vivo diagnostic of clean margins in mammary tumour surgery of pets (dogs and cats).Raman spectroscopy extracts chemical information with reported 100%sensitivity, 100% specificity and overall accuracy of 93% in identifying carcinomas. Our main result stays in identification of a set of molecular markers (carotenoids, lipids and intramolecular water) for Raman diagnostic in cat and dog mammary tumour surgery. Those markers have already been confirmed for human patients

International Organizations And Government Transparency: Linking The International And Domestic Realms

In recent years there has been an increased interest in political science in the concept of transparency. The literature has emphasized the effects that government transparency can have, especially on democratic consolidation. Yet there has been very little research focusing on the causes of transparency. This study discusses some of the possible factors affecting government transparency and offers several aggregate tests of their relevance. It emphasizes the mechanisms through which governments adopt institutions supporting transparency in order to signal to their societies and to external actors that the information they offer is indeed credible. It argues that such signals are more likely to be offered as the public receives increasing amounts of alternative information from international organizations. The discussion thus links processes taking place at the international level with those in the domestic realm

Replication data for: Transparency of Intergovernmental Organizations

As intergovernmental organizations (IOs) have grown in number and influence, there has been an increase in calls for their accountability, not just to governments but also towards the general public. One of the principal ways they can improve their accountability is by becoming more transparent, that is, offering more information to the public. Over the past decade some IOs have adopted official policies and changed their practices concerning public access to information, while others have not. This study asks which IOs are likely to be transparent. To answer this question, it derives several hypotheses based on the existing international relations literature as well as the literature explaining government transparency in the domestic realm. The hypotheses focus on the roles of the principal actors affecting access-to-information from IOs: member states, IO bureaucracies and international non-governmental organizations. This study tests these hypotheses across seventy-two IOs by using three newly developed measures of transparency. It finds that some of the main factors that explain IO transparency are analogous to those that have affected government transparency at the domestic level