Modo de Produção Escravista e a Sua Influência na Percepção da Sociedade Judaica no Pós-Exílio

O artigo procura indicar que a construção da literatura bíblica está marcada pelo tipo de economia e de sociedade em que as pessoas viviam. A partir dessa questão se discute o Modo de Produção escravista sobre o mundo bíblico. O avanço da cultura escravista abalou sensivelmente a vida do povo da Bíblia. Esse abalo na sociedade foi tão sensível que encontramos uma revolução camponesa entre 167-142 a.C., uma ousada tentativa de impedir o avanço da cultura grega e do escravismo, em detrimento das tradições clânicas.This article aims to indicate that the construction of the biblical literature is marked by the type of economy and the society in which people lived. From this matter, the slave mode of production on the biblical world is discussed. The increasing of the slave culture affected nociably the life of people in biblical times. This shok in the society was so nociable that we find a peasant revolution from 167 to 142 aC, a daring attempt to prevent the advance of greek culture and slavery to the detriment of the classical traditions

Sentiment and behaviour annotation in a corpus of dialogue summaries

This paper proposes a scheme for sentiment annotation. We show how the task can be made tractable by focusing on one of the many aspects of sentiment: sentiment as it is recorded in behaviour reports of people and their interactions. Together with a number of measures for supporting the reliable application of the scheme, this allows us to obtain sufficient to good agreement scores (in terms of Krippendorf's alpha) on three key dimensions: polarity, evaluated party and type of clause. Evaluation of the scheme is carried out through the annotation of an existing corpus of dialogue summaries (in English and Portuguese) by nine annotators. Our contribution to the field is twofold: (i) a reliable multi-dimensional annotation scheme for sentiment in behaviour reports; and (ii) an annotated corpus that was used for testing the reliability of the scheme and which is made available to the research community

Framework for global stability analysis of dynamical systems

Dynamical systems, that are used to model power grids, the brain, and other physical systems, can exhibit coexisting stable states known as attractors. A powerful tool to understand such systems, as well as to better predict when they may ``tip'' from one stable state to the other, is global stability analysis. It involves identifying the initial conditions that converge to each attractor, known as the basins of attraction, measuring the relative volume of these basins in state space, and quantifying how these fractions change as a system parameter evolves. By improving existing approaches, we present a comprehensive framework that allows for global stability analysis on any dynamical system. Notably, our framework enables the analysis to be made efficiently and conveniently over a parameter range. As such, it becomes an essential complement to traditional continuation techniques, that only allow for linear stability analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of models, including climate, power grids, ecosystems, and more. Our framework is available as simple-to-use open-source code as part of the DynamicalSystems.jl library

Osteoclast Cytomorphometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Bone Eroded Surfaces During Leukemic Disorders

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a reliable histochemical marker of osteoclasts when used on tissue sections of undecalcified bone. This paper presents an original morphometric analysis which can be done after histochemical identification of osteoclasts. These bone resorbing cells were demonstrated on undecalcified bone biopsies from control subjects and patients presenting a malignant disease of the lymphocyte B lineage. Computerized analysis of the osteoclastic population revealed that: (1) all TRAP positive cells along bone trabeculae belong to a osteoclastic population; (2) that B cell malignancies had an increased bone resorption. At the scanning electron microscopic level small resorption bays (about 10 μm in diameter) were observed either associated or separated from eroded surfaces presenting a normal appearance; TRAP staining of histological sections of undecalcified bone, coupled with morphometric studies, may help in the understanding of bone disease pathobiology

As políticas de diversidade na educação : uma análise dos documentos finais das CONAEs, DCNs e PNE

O objetivo desta tese foi localizar e analisar como o tema da diversidade entra na pauta das políticas educacionais brasileiras e se apresenta nos documentos finais das Conferências Nacionais de Educação de 2010 e 2014, nas novas Diretrizes Curriculares Gerais Nacionais da Educação Básica e no Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024, evidenciando os limites, os avanços e as possibilidades para a concretização da política educacional de/para a diversidade efetivamente para todos e todas. Com base no referencial teórico-metodológico materialista histórico dialético, procurou-se evidenciar as condições políticas, econômicas e socioculturais que possibilitaram colocar na pauta da educação brasileira as questões que permeiam a diversidade. Os dados que permitiram responder à questão central desta tese foram encontrados na análise das ações do governo brasileiro referentes ao tema no período de 2002 a 2014, e nos documentos acima referenciados. Também foram analisados alguns dos documentos da Unesco sobre a temática, a fim de entender o que tal instituição chama de políticas de/para a diversidade. Foi verificado que a diversidade, enquanto temática, entra na pauta da educação brasileira devido a dois fatores principais: por meio da influência dos movimentos sociais de cunho identitário e por influência da Unesco. Ao serem analisadas as ações dos dois primeiros mandatos do Partido dos Trabalhadores no governo federal, verificaram-se avanços, através de um novo arranjo institucional que possibilitou a criação de uma série de secretarias especiais para tratar questões referentes ao tema. Dentre elas, destaca-se a Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Alfabetização e Diversidade, com seus inúmeros programas e ações voltadas para as questões que permeiam a temática. Tais secretarias tornaram-diálogo entre os movimentos sociais identitários e o governo. sAeo uman aclaisnaarl does documentos produzidos a partir das duas Conferências Nacionais de Educação (Conae, em 2010 e 2014), verificaram-se avanços na discussão e proposição das políticas que tratam da diversidade. Considerou-se que tal avanço se deu na medida em que as referidas conferências contaram com a participação da sociedade civil organizada, dos movimentos sociais e de profissionais da educação. Verificou-se um retrocesso quando o Plano Nacional da Educação, originado da primeira Conae, foi votado no Congresso Nacional, tendo sido retirada a ênfase na promoção da igualdade racial, regional, de gênero e de orientação sexual, sendo substituídos por termos mais genéricos, sob a alegação de que o texto legal deve primar pela clareza e objetividade. Com essa substituição, deixou-se de nomear as desigualdades a serem combatidas, desconsiderando-se a intenção do processo democrático de elaboração do texto, que se deu através da Conae.enters the agenda of Brazilian educational policies and is presented in the final documents of the National Conference on Education 2010 and 2014, the new National General Curriculum Guidelines for Basic Education and the National Educational Plan 2014-2024, showing the limits, advances and possibilities for the implementation of the education policy from / to diversity effectively to each and all. Based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Dialectical and Historical Materialism, it was pursued to highlight the political, economic and socio-cultural conditions that made possible to put the diversity issues on the agenda of Brazilian education. The data that allowed answering the central question of this thesis were found in the analysis of the Brazilian government's actions on the topic from 2002 to 2014, and in the above referenced documents. It was also analyzed some of the UNESCO documents on the topic in order to understand what that institution calls policies from / to diversity. It was found that diversity as a theme enters the agenda of Brazilian education due to two main factors: through the influence of the social movements of identity nature and the influence of UNESCO. By analyzing the actions of the first two terms of the Workers Party in the federal government, there have been advances, through a new institutional arrangement that enabled the creation of a number of special departments to address issues related to the topic. rsity, with its numerous programs and actions for the issues that surround the theme. These departments have become a channel for dialogue between identity social movements and the government. By analyzing the documents produced from Conferences on Education (CONAE 2010 and 2014), there have b etheen tawdov aNnacteiosn ianl the discussion and proposal of policies dealing with diversity. It was considered that such advance came in since the conferences had the participation of civil society organizations, social movements and education professionals. There was a regression when the National Education Plan, originated by the first CONAE, was voted in Congress, having been withdrawn the emphasis on promoting racial, regional, gender and sexual orientation equality, being replaced by more general terms, on the grounds that the legal text should strive for clarity and objectivity. With this replacement, the inequalities to be addressed were not appointed, disregarding the intention of the democratic process of drawing up the text, which was made through the CONAE

DO CENTRO PARA A PERIFERIA: O CASO DA VOCAÇÃO DO PROFETA ISAÍAS

A vocação de Isaías é interpretada a partir dos conceitos de centro e periferia. Procura-se compreender como um profeta que possuía relações próximas com o palácio e o templo (centro), altera substancialmente a perspectiva de seu discurso e de vida, caminhando em direção aos vulneráveis (periferia). Muito possivelmente devamos enxergar os profetas como aqueles vocacionados por Javé a fim de resistir aos poderes político, econômico e social dos estados nacionais. A vocação de Isaías se torna mais relevante porque rompeu com o centro e foi reconstruída na periferia

Práticas de solidariedade e a humanização da sociedade

A construção de uma sociedade sadia acontece preferencialmente a partir de medidas de proteção daqueles que vivem na periferia e estão, em razão disso, sem possibilidade de proteção externa ou de autoproteção exatamente porque se constituem seja como pessoas ou grupos fracos e/ou enfraquecidos e empobrecidos. No artigo se objetiva abordar apenas duas situações de proteção dos mais vulneráveis – Dt 24,14-15 e 17-18 – e a maneira pela qual eles são protegidos pelo legislador deuteronômico

Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids by Rat Liver Mitochondria

Abstract Long chain fatty acids are oxidized by rat liver mitochondria provided that endogenous adenosine triphosphate is not depleted. If endogenous ATP is depleted, e.g. by 2,4-dinitrophenol, external ATP as well as carnitine is required for fatty acid oxidation. Atractyloside does not block this reaction in media containing orthophosphate buffer. Oligomycin can substitute for carnitine, but the oligomycin-dependent route is inhibited by atractyloside. These experimental situations localize two ATP-dependent fatty acid-activating systems, one of which is linked to carnitine. The dinitrophenol-insensitive, GTP-specific fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase is active only in the absence of orthophosphate. Inhibition of oxidation of fatty acids by atractylate in phosphate-free media is not relieved with oligomycin or carnitine

Properties of the water to boron nitride interaction: from zero to two dimensions with benchmark accuracy

Molecular adsorption on surfaces plays an important part in catalysis, corrosion, desalination, and various other processes that are relevant to industry and in nature. As a complement to experiments, accurate adsorption energies can be obtained using various sophisticated electronic structure methods that can now be applied to periodic systems. The adsorption energy of water on boron nitride substrates, going from zero to 2-dimensional periodicity, is particularly interesting as it calls for an accurate treatment of polarizable electrostatics and dispersion interactions, as well as posing a practical challenge to experiments and electronic structure methods. Here, we present reference adsorption energies, static polarizabilities, and dynamic polarizabilities, for water on BN substrates of varying size and dimension. Adsorption energies are computed with coupled cluster theory, fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo (FNQMC), the random phase approximation (RPA), and second order M{\o}ller-Plesset (MP2) theory. These explicitly correlated methods are found to agree in molecular as well as periodic systems. The best estimate of the water/h-BN adsorption energy is $-107\pm7$ meV from FNQMC. In addition, the water adsorption energy on the BN substrates could be expected to grow monotonically with the size of the substrate due to increased dispersion interactions but interestingly, this is not the case here. This peculiar finding is explained using the static polarizabilities and molecular dispersion coefficients of the systems, as computed from time-dependent density functional theory (DFT). Dynamic as well as static polarizabilities are found to be highly anisotropic in these systems. In addition, the many-body dispersion method in DFT emerges as a particularly useful estimation of finite size effects for other expensive, many-body wavefunction based methods

A fabricação da imagem pública dos reis mesopotâmicos: a divindade por trás do poder

Na Mesopotâmia o rei e a divindade são realidades que se aproximam simbioticamente; terra e céu são realidades pensadas simultaneamente e, porque não dizer que a realidade terrena se apresenta como se fosse um reflexo da realidade celestial, ou seja, o que acontece no céu é reproduzido na terra. O rei, divinizado, além de seu corpo mortal, assume um corpo simbólico a partir do qual exercerá seu poder. De forma específica, na Assíria, a ideia de poder se encontra sempre próximo da convivência com as divindades. O rei é a própria imagem de um poder sacralizado e absoluto legitimado pela proteção divina. O rei e os deuses se encontram em permanente diálogo. Assim, o rei é hermeneuta da vontade dos deuses ao representar a realeza divina no plano terrestre