CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DE UM HORIZONTE ANTRÓPICO EM GLEISSOLOS DO NORDESTE PARAENSE

The aim of this study was to compare the chemical properties of soils of Indian black earth soils with no anthropogenic. The soil samples were taken in Tortoise archaeological site in Bragança / PA, which has a total area of 100m x 100m. The soil of this website belongs to the Order of Gleissolos. Samples were collected in three areas of the archaeological site (E1S1; E1S2 and adjacent area). For this study were collected at 5-10 cm depth. Ten simple samples were taken to compose a composite sample. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three areas of study and a soil type with 10 repetitions, each collection area within the site measures 10m. Total exchangeable bases, base saturation, exchangeable aluminum, aluminum saturation and effective CEC and CEC at pH 7: the variables were calculated. The average values of sum of bases, base saturation were higher in areas of Dark Earth. However, the average values of m% were lower in anthropogenic soils. While the average values of Al3+ were lower in point E1S1 the archaeological site. The effective CEC was higher in areas E1S1 and E2S1 (29.21 and 20.93 cmolc/dm3 respectively) and lowest in the area (5.55 cmolc/dm3). While the average values of CEC at pH 7 was higher in areas E1S1 and E2S1 (41,88 and 32,39 cmolc/dm3 respectively) and Adjacent the lower (15 cmolc/dm3) area. The black earth indiums present are more fertile than non-anthropogenic soils.   KEYWORDS: archaeological site, chemical characteristics, fertility.O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar atributos químicos dos solos de terra preta de índio com solos não antropogênicos. As coletas de solo foram realizadas no sitio arqueológico Jabuti e na área adjacente ao sítio em Bragança/PA. O solo desse sítio pertence à Ordem dos Gleissolos. As coletas foram realizadas em três áreas do sitio arqueológico (E1S1; E1S2 e área adjacente). Para esse estudo foram realizadas coletas a 5-10 cm de profundidade. Foram retiradas dez amostras simples para compor uma amostra composta. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo três áreas de estudo e um tipo de solo com 10 repetições, sendo que cada área de coleta dentro do sitio mede 10m. Foram calculadas as variáveis: soma de bases trocáveis, saturação por base, alumínio trocável, saturação por alumínio e CTC efetiva e CTC a pH 7,0. Os valores médios de soma de bases, saturação por bases foram maiores nas áreas de Terra Preta de Índio. Todavia, os valores médios de m% foram menores nos solos antropogênicos. Enquanto, os valores médios de Al3+ foram menores no ponto E1S1 do sitio arqueológico. A CTC efetiva foi maior nas áreas E1S1e E2S1 (29,21 e 20,93 cmolc/dm3 respectivamente) e menor na área (5,55 cmolc/dm3). Enquanto os valores médios de CTC a pH 7 foi maior nas áreas E1S1e E2S1 (41,88; 32,39 cmolc/dm3 respectivamente) e menor na área Adjacente (15 cmolc/dm3). As terras pretas de índio apresentam são mais férteis do que os solos não antropogênicos. PALAVRAS–CHAVE: atributos químicos, fertilidade, sítio arqueológico.

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved