Results of footpad cultures during the treatment of mice infected with <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> and relapse rate after treatment completion.

<p>Results of footpad cultures during the treatment of mice infected with <i>M</i>. <i>ulcerans</i> and relapse rate after treatment completion.</p

Evolution of the average lesion indexes in the control and treated groups.

<p>Evolution of the average lesion indexes in the control and treated groups.</p

Multiplication of <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> organisms in mice treated by BDQ administered orally and the benefit of the combination of CFZ and BDQ (each mouse footpad is taken as a data point and the dotted line indicates the threshold of detection of <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i>).

Multiplication of M. leprae organisms in mice treated by BDQ administered orally and the benefit of the combination of CFZ and BDQ (each mouse footpad is taken as a data point and the dotted line indicates the threshold of detection of M. leprae).</p

Multiplication of <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> organisms in nude mice to determine minimal effective dose of BDQ administered orally active against <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> and the benefit of the combination of CFZ and BDQ.

Multiplication of M. leprae organisms in nude mice to determine minimal effective dose of BDQ administered orally active against M. leprae and the benefit of the combination of CFZ and BDQ.</p

Bactericidal activity against <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> THAI53 of bedaquiline administered orally and bedaquiline long-acting measured in Swiss mice by the proportional bactericidal method.

Bactericidal activity against M. leprae THAI53 of bedaquiline administered orally and bedaquiline long-acting measured in Swiss mice by the proportional bactericidal method.</p

Review of <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> SNP types previously described in different countries.

<p>* Indicates countries for which no previous SNP data were available</p><p>§ countries/territories covered in this study</p><p>French overseas territories are underlined</p><p>Concerning Congo: one patient was born in DRC, one patient was born in RC, one patient was born in France but has lived in DRC and one patient was born in France but has lived in Congo (without further information).</p><p>Review of <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> SNP types previously described in different countries.</p

Leprosy cases diagnosed in France (2009–2013): correlation between SNP genotype and geographical origin of the patient.

<p>(Total = 66 cases, for 1 one of the 67 cases included in our study the country where leprosy was acquired in unknown). *indicates countries for which no previous SNP data were available. Underlined countries indicate the French overseas territories. For Congo: 1 patient was born in DRC, 1 patient was born in RC, 1 patient was born in France but has lived in DRC and 1 patient was born in France but has lived in Congo without further information.</p

PCR primers used for nested PCR.

<p>Primers’ genome location: F1-14 492; R1-14 828; F2-14 528; R2-14 721; F3-1 642 737; R3-1 643 023; F4-1 642 764; R4-1 642 925; F5-2 935 537; R5-2 935 804; F6-2 935 594; R6-2 935 716</p><p>PCR primers used for nested PCR.</p

Bactericidal activities against <i>M. leprae</i> Hoshizuka-4 of ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin measured in mice by the proportional bactericidal method.

a<p>All drugs were administered by gavage as a single dose.</p>b<p><i>M. leprae</i> bacilli were considered to have multiplied if the harvest from a footpad yielded ≥10⁵ acid-fast bacilli. When the maximum inoculum was 5×10³ bacilli per footpad, a proportion of viable <i>M. leprae</i> as small as 0.006% could be measured.</p>c<p>Derived from the following equation: % viable <i>M. leprae</i> = 0.69/50% infectious dose <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002559#pntd.0002559-Shepard2" target="_blank">[22]</a>.</p>d<p>p value (comparison with control group).</p>e<p>Calculated from the comparison of the proportions of viable organisms between untreated controls and the treated group.</p>f<p>the high number of dead mice is due to an accidental problem of water supply that occurred during the experiment.</p

Characteristics of mutations in drug target genes from the 15 MDR-TB isolates.

<p>Characteristics of mutations in drug target genes from the 15 MDR-TB isolates.</p