The Effects of Hydrofluoric Acid Addition on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Templated Uranium Sulfates

The effects of addition of a second acid source (HF) on the formation of uranium sulfates are described in this article. -- author-supplied description

Structural diversity in organically templated uranium sulfates

The potential of organic amine templates to direct the synthesis of metal sulfate frameworks has been investigated. Eight novel uranyl sulfates have been prepared using a templated uranyl sulfate precursor under hydrothermal conditions. The topologis of the isolated phases vary from the molecular (0-D), to chains (1-D) to layered (2-D) frameworks. [N4C6H 22]2[(UO2)2(SO4) 6] (USO-10) is molecular or zero-dimensional. Two different types of onedimensional uranyl-containing chains have been observed. [N2C 4H12][UO2(H2O)(SO4) 2 (USO-3), [N2C5H14]-[UO 2(H2O)(SO4)2] (USO-4) and [N 2C3H12][UO2(H2O)(SO 4)2 (USO-9) contain chains based upon a [UO 2(SO4)4/2] backbone. [N2C 10H10][UO2(SO4)2· H2O (USO-6) and [N2C6H18][(UO 2)2(H2O)3(SO4) 3] (USO-7) contain chains based upon a [UO2(SO 4)3/3] backbone. Two layered or two-dimensional compounds, [N2C6H14][UO2(H2O) (SO4)2 (USO-5) and [N2C3H 5]2[(UO2)2(SO4) 3] (USO-8) have also been isolated. All the new phases have been characterised using a range of physical techniques including single crystal X-ray structure analysis. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2003

Fear of hypoglycaemia: defining a minimum clinically important difference in patients with type 2 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To explore the concept of the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MID) of the Worry Scale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey (HFS-II) and to quantify the clinical importance of different types of patient-reported hypoglycaemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An observational study was conducted in Germany with 392 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with combinations of oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. Patients completed the HFS-II, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), and reported on severity of hypoglycaemia. Distribution- and anchor-based methods were used to determine MID. In turn, MID was used to determine if hypoglycaemia with or without need for assistance was clinically meaningful compared to having had no hypoglycaemia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>112 patients (28.6%) reported hypoglycaemic episodes, with 15 patients (3.8%) reporting episodes that required assistance from others. Distribution- and anchor-based methods resulted in MID between 2.0 and 5.8 and 3.6 and 3.9 for the HFS-II, respectively. Patients who reported hypoglycaemia with (21.6) and without (12.1) need for assistance scored higher on the HFS-II (range 0 to 72) than patients who did not report hypoglycaemia (6.0).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We provide MID for HFS-II. Our findings indicate that the differences between having reported no hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia without need for assistance, and hypoglycaemia with need for assistance appear to be clinically important in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents.</p