Primary Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in Kidney with Involvement of Central Nervous System and Heart in a Siamese Cat

Background: Lymphoma is the most common neoplasia in cats and usually happens in middle-aged males of European breeds, FeLV-positive test is also observed in 25% to 50% of these cases. The diagnostic of renal lymphoma is based on clinical signs, the diagnosis is based on clinical signs associated with additional tests. Histological an immunohistochemical evaluations allows the classifcation which can provide prognostic information. Central nervous system metastasis is frequently reported, but lingual and lung lobe extension were also reported. Here, we report a case of renal lymphoma with systemic involvement of heart and CNS in a cat. Case: A 3-year-old male Siamese cat presented with weight loss, emesis, anorexia, polydipsia and polyuria for at least 3 weeks. The clinical parameters were stable, but presenting pale mucosal membrane and also severe dehydration. Complete blood count and chemistry profle revealed anemia and severe azotemia. On abdominal palpation, bilateral renomegaly and irregular contours of both kidneys were also detected. The kidneys were enlarged and had irregular contours on palpation, confrmed by abdominal ultrasonography, that revealed kidneys with markedly irregular contours, and the presence of fluid with high cellularity between cortical and renal capsule (capsular fluid). An aspiration citology by fne-needle from the capsular fluid guided by ultrasound was collected and sent to cytological analysis, which suggested lymphoma. The aspirate was moderately cellular and consisted of large round cells with distinct, scant, basophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei with dense chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and large amount of naked cells. On the second day of treatment the cat presented a cardiopulmonary arrest not responsive to cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation, died, and the owner authorized the necropsy, allowing the renal biopsy showing that the same neoplastic cells presented in kidneys were also seen in heart and central nervous system, suggesting the occurrence of primary renal lymphoma with involvement of to these tissues, and the diagnosis was high grade diffuse large cell lymphoma. And also histopathological exam diagnosed high grade diffuse large cell lymphoma. Discussion: The patient died, and the post-mortem histological analysis confrmed the diagnosis of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma in kidney with systemic involvement of heart and central nervous system (CNS). Lymphoma is the most common renal tumor in cats, however primary feline renal tumors are rare and few reports are available at this time. Here we report the occurrence of primary renal lymphoma in a Siamese cat, and there´s no previous report of this type of lymphoma especially in this breed. More investigation is needed to evaluate the susceptibility of Siamese cat breed to the development of primary renal lymphoma. It is diffcult to determine whether the renal involvement is primary or it is a consequence of the multicenter type. In the present report the same neoplasic infltration observed in kidney was also found in central nervous system and heart. The cytology is a quickly, non-invasive, and sensitivity method for the diagnostic of lymphoma. However, the cytology do not provides the immune diagnosis of diffuse large B cell, and although it is useful for staging lymphoma, histopathology and immunohistochemistry is always necessary for classifcation and grading. Since the diagnosis, the cat of this report survived only 2 days, which reinforces the bad prognosis of renal lymphoma. The renal lymphoma should be considered as a potential cause of severe azotemia, and should be taken as the mainly differential diagnosis among neoplasias of kidneys in cats.Keywords: oncology, feline, extranodal, lymph nodes, cance

Libidibia ferrea loaded in bacterial nanocellulose: evaluation of antimicrobial activity and wound care / Libidibia ferrea loaded in bacterial nanocellulose: evaluation of antimicrobial activity and wound care

The effects of Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) loaded with Libidibia ferrea (Lf) hydroalcoholic extract were investigated on the healing process of burn in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. In vivo assay was performed with 36 male rats, with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and burns induced by contact. Animals were divided into Nd-BNC (Non-diabetic + Bacterial nanocellulose membranes); Nd-BNC-Lf (Non-diabetic + Bacterial nanocellulose membranes + Libidibia ferrea); D-BNC (Diabetic + Bacterial nanocellulose membranes); D-BNC-Lf (Diabetic + Bacterial nanocellulose membranes + Libidibia ferrea). Wounds were evaluated for 28 days histologically. Lf extract and BNC-Lf extract showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The severe degree of infection, granulation and inflammation observed after 14 days in diabetic rats (exposed or not to Lf extract), disappeared after 21 days. On the 28th day, there was no histological difference among the groups. BNC-Lf extract demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity, however as an wound dressing, both BNC or BNC-Lf extract were effective in the healing of second-degree burn wounds

Citologia aspirativa com agulha fina e histopatologia: valor e significado para o diagnóstico e prognóstico do câncer de mama em cadelas

Os tumores de mama representam 50% de todas as neoplasias que acometem as cadelas, com freqüência de duas a três vezes maior que a observada na mulher. O objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar as neoplasias mamárias malignas das cadelas pela citologia aspirativa e histopatologia, para o estagiamento dos tumores e prognóstico dos pacientes. Os cânceres de mama de 32 cadelas foram diagnosticados pela citologia aspirativa e histopatologia. Também foram realizadas colheita de dados epidemiológicos, classificação TNM e analise de sobrevida. Além disso, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a literatura humana. Foram diagnosticados pela citopatologia e histopatologia; carcinoma complexo (15,63%); carcinoma sólido (15,63%); carcinoma epidermóide (9,37%), fibrossarcoma (9,37%), carcinomas papilares (15,62%), carcinoma de células fusiformes (6,25%), melanoma (6,25%), carcinoma anaplásico (6,25%); carcinossarcoma (3,13%) e carcinoma neuroendócrino (3,13%). A idade e o peso médio foram 9,5 anos e 13,8 kg respectivamente, predominaram os animais sem raça definida, de médio e pequeno porte, com dieta de comida caseira e ração e sem alterações reprodutivas. A classificação TNM revelou a maior parte da amostra como dos estágios III (43,75%) e IV (28,13%). A análise de sobrevida indicou tempo médio de 7,5 meses para o grupo IV e 25 meses para o II. As taxas de sobrevivência para os grupos II, III e IV aos 35 meses foram 67%, 50% e 11% respectivamente. A comparação com dados humanos revela haver correlação entre a morfologia e o comportamento biológico de alguns cânceres. A associação das técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas neste trabalho constituiu fator prognóstico efetivo para cadelas com câncer de mama. Palavras-chave: Câncer de mama; citopatologia: diagnóstico; histopatologia; TMN; prognóstico.Mammary gland tumors comprise 50% of all neoplasms in female dog which occur three times greater than the level reported in women. Tumor stagement and patient prognosis with cytopathologic and histopathologic diagnostic of female dog breast cancer were the aims of this paper. 32 malignant breast tumors were both fine-needle aspiration and histopathologicaly diagnosed. More over, the TNM system was applied and epidemiological data was compiled. Human breast tumor information was compared with our results. Complex carcinoma (15.63%), solid carcinoma (15.63%), squamous cell carcinoma (9.37%), fibrosarcoma (9.37%), papillary carcinoma (15.62%), spindle cell carcinoma (6.25%), malignant melanoma (6.25%), anaplastic carcinoma (6.25%), carcinossarcoma (3.13%) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (3.13%) were all diagnosed by cytological and histopathological exams. 9.5 years and 13.8 kg were respectively the average age and weight. The predominant status of the bitches was of small and medium size animals, mongrel breed, fed with pet food and other kinds of food and with normal reproductive functions. The TNM system showed that the major part of the females was in stages III (43.75%) and IV (28.13%). The mean time of survival were 7.5 months to stage IV and 25 months to stage II. The survival rate to stages II, III and IV at 35 months were 67%, 50% and 11% respectively. The results compared to human breast data reveal similar biological behavior and morphology to some tumors in both species. In conclusion effective prognostic factors to breast cancer in female dog were established by the association of the diagnostic techniques used. Key words: Breast cancer; cytopathology; diagnosis; histopathology; TMN; prognostic

Hemangiosarcoma at the base of the left atrium of a dog with mitral and tricuspid valve degeneration – case report

Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the vascular endothelium, with high metastatic power and commonly described in the spleen, liver, and right atrium. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the occurrence of HSA at the base of the left atrium of a male, elderly, Lhasa Apso dog, treated with cyanosis, orthopedic position, cough. In the physical examination, the presence of crackling was observed in pulmonary lobes, murmur in focus of mitral and tricuspid grade IV\VI. The recommended emergency therapy was performed until the clinical improvement of the animal. After echocardiography, mitral and tricuspid valvular degeneration was confirmed, as well as the presence of an irregular, mixed echocardiogram, extra-cardiac, immobile at the base of the left atrium, measuring 2.9 x 1.44 cm in diameter. The clinical therapy established stabilized the clinical picture for 128 days, with recurrence of pulmonary edema and severe hemorrhagic pleural effusion, with the owners opting for euthanasia of the animal and necropsy confirming the definitive diagnosis of extrahepatic SAH at the base of the left atrium.O hemangiossarcoma (HSA) é uma neoplasia maligna originada no endotélio vascular, com alto poder metastático e comumente descrito no baço, fígado e átrio direito. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência do HSA na base do átrio esquerdo de um cão, macho, idoso, da raça Lhasa Apso, atendido apresentando cianose, posição ortopneica e tosse. No exame físico foi observado presença de crepitação em lobos pulmonares e sopro em foco de mitral e tricúspide grau IV\VI. Foi realizada terapia emergencial preconizada até a melhora clínica do animal, e após a ecocardiografia confirmou-se a degeneração valvular mitral e tricúspide, bem como a presença de uma imagem irregular, de ecogenicidade mista, extracardíaca e imóvel na base do átrio esquerdo, medindo 2,9 x 1,44 cm de diâmetro. A terapia clínica instituída estabilizou o quadro clínico por 128 dias, havendo recidiva do edema pulmonar e efusão pleural hemorrágica grave, com os proprietários optando pela eutanásia do animal e a necropsia, confirmando o diagnóstico definitivo do HSA extracardíaco na base do átrio esquerdo

Efeito da localização do nó de sutura na recuperação morfofuncional do tendão flexor digital profundo do membro torácico do cão após tenorrafia experimental

Este estudo teve por escopo comparar a influência do nó de sutura em três diferentes localizações na recuperação morfofuncional do tendão flexor digital profundo (TFDP) do cão. Foram utilizados 20 cães divididos em três grupos de oito, sete e cinco animais. Os TFDP do segundo e quinto dedos do membro torácico esquerdo foram seccionados e suturados pela técnica de Kessler modificada, alterando-se a localização do nó e o tipo de sutura no epitendíneo. No grupo um, o nó da sutura ficou localizado na região ventral do tendão e no grupo dois na face dorsal. em ambos os grupos, o epitendão foi suturado com pontos simples separados. No grupo três, o nó da sutura ficou interno ao endotendíneo e o epitendíneo foi suturado com ponto simples contínuo. Após a cirurgia, foi realizada diariamente a movimentação passiva controlada do membro do primeiro ao 15º dia. No 7º e no 15º dia os animais foram sacrificados por anestesia profunda e os tendões foram colhidos para avaliação macroscópica do processo de reparo tendíneo. O critério de comparação utilizou como parâmetros para avaliar a recuperação morfofuncional a ruptura do tendão, o afastamento dos cotos e a coaptação completa dos cotos tendíneos. O grupo que apresentou melhor resultado com relação aos parâmetros avaliados foi o terceiro, com ausência de ruptura e índice de afastamento de apenas 2,5% dos cotos tendíneos. Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que a localização do nó de sutura na tenorrafia do TFDP interfere na resposta reparadora e biomecânica.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different suture knot placements on recover of function of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of dogs (FDPT). Twenty adult mongrel dogs, male and female, were used for this study. The animals were separated in three groups of eight, seven and five animals. The second and fifth toes of the FDPT in the left front limb were sharply transected and repaired using the modified Kessler technique. The placement of the suture knot and the suture pattern at the epitendon were changing. In the first group, the suture knot was placed at the volar region of the tendon and in the second group the knot was situated on the dorsal surface. Both groups, one and two had their epitendons sutured using a simple interrupted pattern. In the third group the knot was set inside the endotendon and a simple continuous pattern was used to join the epitendon. The animals received controlled passive motion treatment for seven to 15 days when the suture condition was evaluated. The different groups were compared to evaluate the recovered function by the parameters tendon ruptures, gap formation of tendon ends and complete anatomical apposition. Group three presented the best results regarding the parameters evaluated, with no ruptures and with 2.5% of gap formation of tendon ends. The results indicated that the position of the suture knot in tenorrhaphy of flexor digitorum profundus tendon had influence in both healing and biomechanic response

Valores de lactato sérico e sua correlação com parâmetros clínicos de cães saudáveis, mensurados durante atendimento ambulatorial veterinário

Resumo: A mensuração do lactato sérico é utilizada na rotina médica como marcador prognóstico de pacientes em estado de emergência. Sua interpretação não deve ser feita de forma isolada, mas conjunta aos demais parâmetros clínicos, pois seus valores podem sofrer interferência do estresse metabólico ou ambiental, contenção física e/ ou manipulação dos pacientes. Assim, buscou-se mensurar os valores do lactato sérico e parâmetros clínicos de cães saudáveis, bem como as suas correlações, durante o atendimento clínico ambulatorial veterinário. Para isso, foram avaliados 80 cães, machos ou fêmeas, com idade de um a oito anos, atendidos para revacinação anual polivalente. Foram considerados cães saudáveis os que não apresentaram intercorrências clínicas nos últimos 60 dias e alterações nos exames físicos e nos valores de hemograma e glicemia sérica. Foram mensurados inicialmente o peso corporal, a frequência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC), coloração de mucosas, temperatura retal (TR), periférica (TP) e a diferença entre TR e a TP, o Delta T°C. Por último, realizaram-se os exames de hemograma e glicemia sérica, juntamente com a mensuração do lactato sérico, utilizando para isso um lactímetro portátil, por meio da amostra sanguínea obtida da veia cefálica. Além disso, havendo a correlação dos valores do lactato séricos com o peso corporal os cães foram divididos conforme o cálculo do 33° e 66° percentil. Os cães avaliados evidenciaram valores médios de 18,3±12,1 kg de peso corporal e 3,0±1,9 anos de idade; FC de 126,6±29,1bpm, FR de 66±24mpm, TR de 38,9±0,4°C, TP de 31,5±1,0°C, Delta TºC de 7,3±1,0°C e lactato sérico de 3,2±0,4mmol/L; com este último, evidenciando intervalo de confiança a 95% de 3,1-3,3mmol/L e correlação significativa (p<0,05) dos seus valores com o peso corporal (r=0,6) e a frequência cardíaca (r=0,4). Os valores do lactato sérico obtidos foram comparados entre os grupos de cães conforme o peso corporal, evidenciando diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre eles. Dessa forma, pode se concluir que os valores do lactato sérico em cães hígidos sob atendimento ambulatorial é de 3,2mmol/L, com o intervalo de confiança de 3,1-3,3mmol/L, ressaltando a influência que a FC e o peso corporal podem exercer nos seus valores

Lentinus edodes Exposure before and after Fetus Implantation: Materno-Fetal Development in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The presence of β-glucans and phenolic compounds in Lentinus edodes suggests this mushroom can be used as a nutritional supplement. Two gestational conditions (before and after fetus implantation) were evaluated, and Lentinus edodes exposure was performed in diabetes mellitus rat model induced by streptozotocin in pre-clinical tests. Methods: On the 20th day of pregnancy, cesarean sections were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical, hematologic parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Placenta and amniotic fluid were collected, and fetuses were analyzed through morphological evaluation. Results: The mushroom did not reduce the severe hyperglycemia of the mother-concept but promoted an increase in maternal insulin levels; reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol; protected the animals from post-implantation losses. Liver damage induced by streptozotocin was reversed in experimental groups. Conclusions: Lentinus edodes mushroom has antioxidant properties that can minimize the damage caused by gestational diabetes mellitus

Morphogeometric Evaluation of the Left Ventricle and Left Atrioventricular Ring in Dogs: A Computerized Anatomical Study

In veterinary, there is scarce availability of morphogeometric studies in normal and remodeled hearts; furthermore, ventricular geometry acts as an indicator of cardiac function. It is a highly necessary field of knowledge for the development of therapeutic protocols, especially surgical ones. The objectives of this study were: to obtain measurements of the left atrioventricular valve ring and left ventricle, to analyze the proportionality between the segments of the left cardiac chamber of normal hearts and to describe reference values for morphogeometric analysis of the left ventricle. For this, 50 hearts from small (Group 1—G1) and medium to large (Group 2—G2) dogs were laminated in the apical, basal and equatorial segments, and submitted to computer analysis to identify the perimeter of each segment and the left atrioventricular ring, wall thickness and distance from the atrioventricular sulcus to the apex. The largest internal perimeter was that of the equatorial. The basal segment had the highest mean for ventral parietal wall thickness, suggesting greater contractile reserve at that location. Considering the proportionality relationships, there was no statistical difference between the intersegmental perimeter indices for the two groups. This suggests that despite the animals’ weight variations, the proportions between the left ventricular segments are maintained. Therefore, it is concluded that the data can be used as a standard of comparison for cardiac geometric assessments, as well as a basis for the development of therapeutic measures in the context of adverse cardiac remodeling

Estudo do efeito cicatrizante do gel de papaína a 2% em feridas cutâneas experimentais em equinos

In order to study the healing power of papain gel 2% in skin wounds in horses, six adult animals were used. The wounds were caused experimentally with the help of a 2 cm punch on the left side lumbar area of the animals. These were randomly assigned to two groups of three horses each: Control Group (CG) and Papain Group (PG). The lesions were treated daily with a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and 2% papain gel respectively. Every three days we collected measures of major and minor diameters of the wounds, with the help of a caliper, and observed macroscopic parameters typical of the healing process. Treatment with 2% papain gel provided a favorable environment to develop healing by second intention, however, no significant difference in length of contraction in the control group.A fim de estudar o poder cicatrizante do gel de papaína a 2% em feridas cutâneas em equinos, foram utilizados seis animais adultos. As feridas foram provocadas experimentalmente com a ajuda de um punch de 2 cm na região lombar do lado esquerdo dos animais. Estes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de três equinos cada: Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Papaína (GP). As lesões foram tratadas diariamente com solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% e gel de papaína a 2% respectivamente. A cada três dias foram coletadas as medidas dos diâmetros maior e menor das feridas, com a ajuda de um paquímetro, e observados parâmetros macroscópicos típicos do processo de cicatrização. O tratamento com gel de papaína a 2% proporcionou um ambiente favorável para ocorrer a cicatrização por segunda intenção, porém, sem diferença significativa quanto ao tempo de retração em relação ao grupo controle