Eletropolimerizaçao de o-aminofenol e caracterizaçao dos filmes formados

Orientadora: Liliana MicaroniCo-orientadora: Lucia Helena Mascaro SalesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografi

Tissue Engineering for Rotator Cuff Repair: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review was to address the treatment of rotator cuff tears by applying tissue engineering approaches to improve tendon healing, specifically platelet rich plasma (PRP) augmentation, stem cells, and scaffolds. Our systematic search was performed using the combination of the following terms: “rotator cuff”, “shoulder”, “PRP”, “platelet rich plasma”, “stemcells”, “scaffold”, “growth factors”, and “tissue engineering”. No level I or II studies were found on the use of scaffolds and stem cells for rotator cuff repair. Three studies compared rotator cuff repair with or without PRP augmentation. All authors performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with different techniques of suture anchor fixation and different PRP augmentation. The three studies found no difference in clinical rating scales and functional outcomes between PRP and control groups. Only one study showed clinical statistically significant difference between the two groups at the 3-month follow up. Any statistically significant difference in the rates of tendon rerupture between the control group and the PRP group was found using the magnetic resonance imaging. The current literature on tissue engineering application for rotator cuff repair is scanty. Comparative studies included in this review suggest that PRP augmented repair of a rotator cuff does not yield improved functional and clinical outcome compared with non-augmented repair at a medium and long-term followup

Tissue Engineered Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Injury

Skeletal muscle injuries are common in athletes, occurring with direct and indirect mechanisms and marked residual effects, such as severe long-term pain and physical disability. Current therapy consists of conservative management including RICE protocol (rest, ice, compression and elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intramuscular corticosteroids. However, current management of muscle injuries often does not provide optimal restoration to preinjury status. New biological therapies, such as injection of platelet-rich plasma and stem-cell-based therapy, are appealing. Although some studies support PRP application in muscle-injury management, reasons for concern persist, and further research is required for a standardized and safe use of PRP in clinical practice. The role of stem cells needs to be confirmed, as studies are still limited and inconsistent. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration and in survival, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells

Stem Cells and Gene Therapy for Cartilage Repair

Cartilage defects represent a common problem in orthopaedic practice. Predisposing factors include traumas, inflammatory conditions, and biomechanics alterations. Conservative management of cartilage defects often fails, and patients with this lesions may need surgical intervention. Several treatment strategies have been proposed, although only surgery has been proved to be predictably effective. Usually, in focal cartilage defects without a stable fibrocartilaginous repair tissue formed, surgeons try to promote a natural fibrocartilaginous response by using marrow stimulating techniques, such as microfracture, abrasion arthroplasty, and Pridie drilling, with the aim of reducing swelling and pain and improving joint function of the patients. These procedures have demonstrated to be clinically useful and are usually considered as first-line treatment for focal cartilage defects. However, fibrocartilage presents inferior mechanical and biochemical properties compared to normal hyaline articular cartilage, characterized by poor organization, significant amounts of collagen type I, and an increased susceptibility to injury, which ultimately leads to premature osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the aim of future therapeutic strategies for articular cartilage regeneration is to obtain a hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue by transplantation of tissues or cells. Further studies are required to clarify the role of gene therapy and mesenchimal stem cells for management of cartilage lesions

Clinical and dermal thickness assessment one year after hyaluronic acid filler treatment

INTRODUÇÃO: Poucos estudos avaliam a durabilidade dos produtos de preenchimento facial de forma objetiva e não-invasiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a durabilidade de formulação de ácido hialurônico (Derma Hyal ®) no preenchimento de sulco nasogeniano, comparando percepção do efeito clínico e espessura de partes moles medida por ultrassonografia. MÉTODO: Dez mulheres foram tratadas. Avaliação foi realizada após um, três, seis, nove e doze meses, clinicamente e por ultrassonografia. RESULTADOS: A média da espessura à ultrassonografia foi 0,38 ± 0,14 no pré, 0,69 ± 0,19 após 1 mês, 0,65 ± 0,17 após 3 meses, 0,61 ± 0,22 após 6 meses, 0,57 ± 0,23 após 9 meses e 0,55 ± 0,14 após 12 meses. Os dados analisados pelo teste Friedman não se mostraram estatisticamente significativos. Em relação à satisfação, aos 6 meses, 3 pacientes consideraram o resultado insatisfatório, 5, pouco satisfatório e 2, satisfatório. Apenas uma paciente considerou o resultado satisfatório aos 9 meses. Aos 12 meses, uma considerou pouco satisfatório e as demais, insatisfatório. Todas responderam que realizariam novamente o procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A ultrassonografia demonstrou ser método objetivo e não-invasivo na avaliação da durabilidade de preenchimento, desde que avaliado com correlação clínica. Demonstrou-se aumento da espessura cutânea até 12 meses após injeção em sulco nasogeniano (SNG), com decréscimo progressivo. Embora exista diferença dos valores da ultrassonografia ao longo do tempo, essas não foram estatisticamente significantes. Clinicamente, o efeito percebido pelas pacientes se deu até o nono mês após aplicação do produto avaliado.BACKGROUND: Few scientific studies evaluate the durability of existent fillers with objective parameters and non invasive methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate durability of a hyaluronic acid formula (Derma Hyal ®) in the nasolabial fold treatment, comparing the perception of clinical effect and soft tissue thickness measured by ultrasound. METHODS: Ten women were treated. Evaluation was made before, after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, clinically and by ultrasound. RESULTS: Median ultrasound thickness was 0.38 ± 0.14 pre, 0.69 ± 0.19 after 1 month, 0.65 ± 0.17 after 3 months, 0.61 ± 0.22 after 6 months, 0, 57 ± 0.23 after 9 months and 0.55 ± 0.14 after 12 months. Data analyzed by Friedman's test were not statistically significant. Regarding patient satisfaction after 6 months, 3 considered the results unsatisfactory, 5 fairly satisfactory and 2 satisfactory. Only one patient considered the treatment satisfactory at 9 months. By 12 months one considered it fairly satisfactory and nine unsatisfactory. All patients said they would do treatment again in another opportunity. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound evaluation of dermal thickness after filler treatment proved to be an objective and non invasive method, since when associated with clinical examination. Increase in soft tissue thickness was demonstrated until 12 months after nasolabial fold injection, with progressive decrease after this period. Despite the increase in soft tissue thickness at ultrasound, it was not statistically significant. Clinical effect was noticed by patients until nine months after treatment with this product

Treatment of facial burn sequelae using fractional CO2 lasers in patients with skin phototypes III to VI

INTRODUÇÃO: Relatos sobre melhora em cicatrizes pós-traumáticas ou patológicas com o uso do laser de CO2 fracionado (CO2F) concluem tratar-se de tecnologia segura e efetiva, apesar de utilizado apenas em pacientes com fototipos II a III. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do CO2F em pacientes com sequela de queimadura facial com fototipos III a VI. MÉTODO: No total, 14 pacientes, com média de idade de 29 anos, portadores de sequela de queimadura facial e fototipos III a VI, foram submetidos a uma aplicação do laser de CO2F. Após dois meses, a queimadura foi avaliada por meio de escala com 6 parâmetros: cor, textura, hidratação, irregularidades de superfície, volume e distensibilidade. RESULTADOS: A duração média da dor foi de 19 horas; do edema, 1,3 dia; e da hiperemia, 6,5 dias. A queda das crostas finalizou entre 5 dias e 36 dias, com média de 13,4 dias. Dois meses após a sessão, 5 pacientes evoluíram com hipocromia puntiforme no padrão quadriculado correspondente aos pontos de ablação do laser. A satisfação subjetiva dos avaliadores (pacientes e médicos) com o tratamento foi de 84,6%. Para os pacientes, houve melhora das irregularidades de superfície, da distensibilidade e da textura da pele (57% dos casos), da hidratação (43%), do volume (28%) e da cor (14%). Para os médicos, houve melhora das irregularidades de superfície e da distensibilidade (43%). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com laser de CO2F com parâmetros suaves foi bem tolerado e apresentou alto índice de satisfação em pacientes com sequela de queimadura facial, com melhora de textura, distensibilidade e irregularidades de superfície. A alta incidência de hipopigmentação é um fator a ser considerado na indicação do laser de CO2F em pacientes com fototipos IV a VI

Calcium-Dependent Src Phosphorylation and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Are Implicated in the Activation of Human Platelet Induced by Thromboxane A2 Analogs

The thromboxane (TX) A2 elicits TP-dependent different platelet responses. Low amounts activate Src kinases and the Rho–Rho kinase pathway independently of integrin αIIbβ3 and ADP secretion and synergize with epinephrine to induce aggregation. Aim of the present study was to investigate the role Src kinases and the interplay with calcium signals in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the activatory pathways engaged by TXA2 in human platelets. All the experiments were performed in vitro or ex vivo. Washed platelets were stimulated with 50–1000 nM U46619 and/or 10 μM epinephrine in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid and the ADP scavenger apyrase. The effects of the ROS scavenger EUK-134, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor apocynin, Src kinase inhibitor PP2 and calcium chelator BAPTA were tested. Intracellular calcium and ROS generation were measured. Platelet rich plasma from patients treated with dasatinib was used to confirm the data obtained in vitro. We observed that 50 nM U46619 plus epinephrine increase intracellular calcium similarly to 1000 nM U46619. ROS generation was blunted by the NOX inhibitor apocynin. BAPTA inhibited ROS generation in resting and activated platelets. Phosphorylation of Src and MLC proteins were not significantly affected by antioxidants agents. BAPTA and antioxidants reduced P-Selectin expression, activation of integrin αIIbβ3and platelet aggregation. TXA2-induced increase in intracellular calcium is required for Src phosphorylation and ROS generation. NADPH oxidase is the source of ROS in TX stimulated platelets. The proposed model helps explain why an incomplete inhibition of TP receptor results in residual platelet activation, and define new targets for antiplatelet treatment