Primena koeficijenata sferno-harmonijskog razvoja u postupku određivanja funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala

In the procedure of the determining functionally anomalic power, in the frame of the method remove-restore the first step presents the elimination of the long wave characteristics of the functionally with the application of the coefficients sphericharmonical development of the power gravity, respectively, to the application global geopotential model(GGM). Over last two decade are developed GGM of the high degree and order, respectively of the degree and order 360, as like what are the models OSU91 (Ohio States University) and EGM96 (Earth Gravity Models). Their application ensures the estimation of the long wave characteristics of the functionally anomalic potential with the acctitude, that is in the case anomalic heights safely less then 1 meter. In this work are presented mathematical models indispensables for theoretical consideration of the models, after wards recurrent expressions to the computation of the Legandres functions high degree and order, and mentioned GGM and practically are applied on the territory of the wider region of the town Belgrade.U postupku određivanja funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala, u okviru remove-restore metode prvi korak predstavlja eliminacija dugotalasnih karakteristika funkcionala primenom koeficijenata sferno-harmonijskog razvoja potencijala sile Zemljine teže odnosno, primenom globalnog geopotencijalnog modela (GGM). U poslednje dve decenije razvijeni su GGM visokog stepena i reda, odnosno stepena i reda 360, kao što su modeli OSU91 (Ohio States University) i EGM96 (Earth Gravity Models). Njihova primena obezbeđuje ocenu dugotalasne karakteristike funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala sa tačnošću koja je u slučaju anomalijskih visina sigurno ispod 1m. U ovom radu prikazani su matematički modeli neophodni za teorijsko razmatranje modela, zatim rekurzioni izrazi za računanje Ležandrovih funkcija visokog stepena i reda, a pomenuti GGM i praktično su primenjeni za teritoriju šireg područja grada Beograda

Technical implementation of the national spatial data infrastructure in Serbia

The paper provides overview of research and studies covering implementation and development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) concept in Serbia. Research had been done in 2011 divided by 2013, with the objective to determine situation in geo-sector and the INSPIRE Directive implementation. The results of these studies are the basis and inspiration for the creation of new technological development projects and the concept of NSDI in the period 2014 divided by 2020. The institutions in charge of implementation of NSDI are making significant efforts in implementation of the INSPIRE Directive through regional or national projects. The present paper elaborates the achieved level of NSDI technical implementation, data, network services and provides recommendations for future development. Future development of the NSDI will be based on the accurate, reliable and updated spatial information collected with various modern technologies. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and the NSDI concept are constitutive parts of the main development trends

Geodata management by developing of national data infrastructure in the republic of Serbia

Sharing of spatial information between the state establishments and private sector, based on standards for technical infrastructure of spatial data and services, is the strategic objective of the Mid-Term Program of Works of the Republic of Serbia, covering the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Instigation and the maintenance for the period from 2011 to 2015. With the objective to achieve the goals set, the research was performed, with the results published in the present paper. The paper shows the status in the Spatial Data Infrastructure instigation; with the evaluation of development level achieved and recommendations for the future INSPIRE Directive implementation in Serbia. Geodata status analysis was performed over the sample of 78 local government organisations, state administration bodies, public enterprises and educational institutions. Overview was given for use, the types and availability conditions for spatial data. The issues of NSDI concept implementation were particularly noted, referring to the pricing policy for spatial data use, for the legislation and issues in spatial data coordination in the Republic of Serbia

Komasacija zemljišta u zemljama centralne i istočne Evrope i zajednice nezavisnih država

Each country in transition must find out its own solution for land fragmentation, thus taking already acquired experience and main common principles of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Land consolidation is a proven instrument for agricultural and rural development in western European countries. The Munich Statement on land consolidation was presented the paper for the mechanism of agrarian development in the countries CEE/CIS.Komasacija zemljišta je proveren instrument za razvoj poljoprivrede i ruralnih područja u Zapadnoevropskim zemljama. Stoga i svaka država u tranziciji mora naći svoje rešenje problema usitnjavanja zemljišta, koristeći pri tome već stečena iskustva i zajedničke glavne principe država Centralne i Istočne Evrope (Central and Eastern Europe - CEE) i Zajednice nezavisnih država (Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS). U radu je predstavljen minhenski izveštaj o komasaciji zemljišta kao mehanizmu razvoja agrara u zemljama Centralne i Istočne Evrope (CEE) i zajednice nezavisnih država (CIS)

Optimizacija drugog reda geodetske mreže korišćenjem različitih kriterijum matrica TK strukture

Geodetic network design for numerous practical applications (surveying, staking out of characteristic points of an object in construction, control of geometry of a built-up object, monitoring, etc) represents a problem which requires implementation of well-known optimization methods. Optimization aim is establishing as much accurate and reliable geodetic network as possible with as less costs as possible. Geodetic network optimization is classified into different orders but in this paper only the second order design which deals with the determination of the weights of network measurements is presented. Within the second order design it is necessary to form a criterion matrix which substitutes real covariance matrix and to define observation scheme in network. The criterion matrix is formed by using one of the correlation functions whose arguments are distances between geodetic network points. This paper presents comparative analysis of the results of the second order design of trilateration geodetic network. These results were obtained by using TK-structured criterion matrices formed by using Gaussian and Baarda’s correlation functions of point coordinates. As it was expected, Gaussian correlation function is the one that proved as a better choice because it generally adapts better to the geodetic network requirements than Baarda’s correlation function: the results obtained by using Gaussian correlation function tolerate less accurate distance measurements.Projektovanje geodetske mreže za razne potrebe u praksi (premer, obeležavanje karakterističnih tačaka nekog objekta u izgradnji, kontrola geometrije izgrađenog objekta, monitoring, itd.) predstavlja problem koji zahteva primenu poznatih metoda optimizacije. Cilj optimizacije je uspostavljanje geodetske mreže sa što većom pouzdanošću, tačnošću i uz što manje troškove. Optimizacija projektovanja geodetskih mreža klasifikuje se u različite redove ali je u okviru rada prikazana samo optimizacija drugog reda koja podrazumeva određivanje optimalnih težina planiranih merenja u geodetskoj mreži. U okviru optimizacije drugog reda neophodno je formirati kriterijum matricu koja zamenjuje realnu kovarijacionu matricu i definisati plan opažanja u mreži. Kriterijum matrica se formira na osnovu neke korelacione funkcije koordinata tačaka čiji su argumenti dužine između tačaka geodetske mreže. U radu je izvršena uporedna analiza rezultata optimizacije drugog reda trilateracione geodetske mreže dobijenih korišćenjem kriterijum matrica TK strukture,koje su formirane na osnovu Gausove i Bardine korelacione funkcije koordinata tačaka. Kao što se i očekivalo, Gausova korelaciona funkcija se pokazala kao bolji izbor prilikom kreiranja kriterijum matrice kofaktora jer zbog njene bolje prilagodljivosti uslovima koje geodetska mreža treba da ispuni (u odnosu na Bardinu korelacionu funkciju), dobijeni odgovarajući rezultati optimizacije dopuštaju merenje dužina sa manjom tačnošću

Optimizacija drugog reda geodetske mreže korišćenjem različitih kriterijum matrica TK strukture

Geodetic network design for numerous practical applications (surveying, staking out of characteristic points of an object in construction, control of geometry of a built-up object, monitoring, etc) represents a problem which requires implementation of well-known optimization methods. Optimization aim is establishing as much accurate and reliable geodetic network as possible with as less costs as possible. Geodetic network optimization is classified into different orders but in this paper only the second order design which deals with the determination of the weights of network measurements is presented. Within the second order design it is necessary to form a criterion matrix which substitutes real covariance matrix and to define observation scheme in network. The criterion matrix is formed by using one of the correlation functions whose arguments are distances between geodetic network points. This paper presents comparative analysis of the results of the second order design of trilateration geodetic network. These results were obtained by using TK-structured criterion matrices formed by using Gaussian and Baarda’s correlation functions of point coordinates. As it was expected, Gaussian correlation function is the one that proved as a better choice because it generally adapts better to the geodetic network requirements than Baarda’s correlation function: the results obtained by using Gaussian correlation function tolerate less accurate distance measurements.Projektovanje geodetske mreže za razne potrebe u praksi (premer, obeležavanje karakterističnih tačaka nekog objekta u izgradnji, kontrola geometrije izgrađenog objekta, monitoring, itd.) predstavlja problem koji zahteva primenu poznatih metoda optimizacije. Cilj optimizacije je uspostavljanje geodetske mreže sa što većom pouzdanošću, tačnošću i uz što manje troškove. Optimizacija projektovanja geodetskih mreža klasifikuje se u različite redove ali je u okviru rada prikazana samo optimizacija drugog reda koja podrazumeva određivanje optimalnih težina planiranih merenja u geodetskoj mreži. U okviru optimizacije drugog reda neophodno je formirati kriterijum matricu koja zamenjuje realnu kovarijacionu matricu i definisati plan opažanja u mreži. Kriterijum matrica se formira na osnovu neke korelacione funkcije koordinata tačaka čiji su argumenti dužine između tačaka geodetske mreže. U radu je izvršena uporedna analiza rezultata optimizacije drugog reda trilateracione geodetske mreže dobijenih korišćenjem kriterijum matrica TK strukture,koje su formirane na osnovu Gausove i Bardine korelacione funkcije koordinata tačaka. Kao što se i očekivalo, Gausova korelaciona funkcija se pokazala kao bolji izbor prilikom kreiranja kriterijum matrice kofaktora jer zbog njene bolje prilagodljivosti uslovima koje geodetska mreža treba da ispuni (u odnosu na Bardinu korelacionu funkciju), dobijeni odgovarajući rezultati optimizacije dopuštaju merenje dužina sa manjom tačnošću

Primena koeficijenata sferno-harmonijskog razvoja u postupku određivanja funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala

In the procedure of the determining functionally anomalic power, in the frame of the method remove-restore the first step presents the elimination of the long wave characteristics of the functionally with the application of the coefficients sphericharmonical development of the power gravity, respectively, to the application global geopotential model(GGM). Over last two decade are developed GGM of the high degree and order, respectively of the degree and order 360, as like what are the models OSU91 (Ohio States University) and EGM96 (Earth Gravity Models). Their application ensures the estimation of the long wave characteristics of the functionally anomalic potential with the acctitude, that is in the case anomalic heights safely less then 1 meter. In this work are presented mathematical models indispensables for theoretical consideration of the models, after wards recurrent expressions to the computation of the Legandres functions high degree and order, and mentioned GGM and practically are applied on the territory of the wider region of the town Belgrade.U postupku određivanja funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala, u okviru remove-restore metode prvi korak predstavlja eliminacija dugotalasnih karakteristika funkcionala primenom koeficijenata sferno-harmonijskog razvoja potencijala sile Zemljine teže odnosno, primenom globalnog geopotencijalnog modela (GGM). U poslednje dve decenije razvijeni su GGM visokog stepena i reda, odnosno stepena i reda 360, kao što su modeli OSU91 (Ohio States University) i EGM96 (Earth Gravity Models). Njihova primena obezbeđuje ocenu dugotalasne karakteristike funkcionala anomalijskog potencijala sa tačnošću koja je u slučaju anomalijskih visina sigurno ispod 1m. U ovom radu prikazani su matematički modeli neophodni za teorijsko razmatranje modela, zatim rekurzioni izrazi za računanje Ležandrovih funkcija visokog stepena i reda, a pomenuti GGM i praktično su primenjeni za teritoriju šireg područja grada Beograda

Geodata management by developing of national data infrastructure in the republic of Serbia

Sharing of spatial information between the state establishments and private sector, based on standards for technical infrastructure of spatial data and services, is the strategic objective of the Mid-Term Program of Works of the Republic of Serbia, covering the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Instigation and the maintenance for the period from 2011 to 2015. With the objective to achieve the goals set, the research was performed, with the results published in the present paper. The paper shows the status in the Spatial Data Infrastructure instigation; with the evaluation of development level achieved and recommendations for the future INSPIRE Directive implementation in Serbia. Geodata status analysis was performed over the sample of 78 local government organisations, state administration bodies, public enterprises and educational institutions. Overview was given for use, the types and availability conditions for spatial data. The issues of NSDI concept implementation were particularly noted, referring to the pricing policy for spatial data use, for the legislation and issues in spatial data coordination in the Republic of Serbia

Standardi u oblasti geoinformacija

The paper gives information about the standards that support current standardization initiatives in geoinformation field. Increasing the reliability of the goods and effectiveness of the services which we use depend on standardization level. Aim of standardization process is getting people to agree on an acceptable technical solution. Standards are an important basis for development and implementation of the infrastructure for geodata. They facilitate the development, sharing, and use of geospatial data. In fact, they are ensuring that electronic data content and services are implemented to common standards in order to become easily accessible data. Standardization into geosector has to be coordinated with ongoing work on formulation of the INSPIRE implementing rules and the data sets specifications. The Law on Standardization establishes the legal bases of standardization in the Republic Serbia and defining competence of participants, as well as regulates the principles of preparation and application of standardization normative documents. The Institute for Standardization of Serbia is the only recognized national standardization body with aim to develop and promote standards contributing improvement of products and services of Serbia. Republic Geodetic Authority has started an initiative for establishing standardization Committee. The Institute for Standardization of Serbia formed the Technical Committee for standards in the field of geographic information, marked KS I 211. This Committee deals with standards regarding geographic information through following work of the Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 and CEN/TC 287.U radu su date informacije o standardima koji podržavaju trenutne inicijative za standardizaciju u oblasti geoinformacija. Povećanje pouzdanosti dobara i efektivnosti usluga koje koristimo zavisi od nivoa standardizacije. Cilj procesa standardizacije je da se postigne dogovor između učesnika o prihvatljivom tehničkom rešenju. Standardi su važna osnova za razvoj i implementaciju infrastrukture geopodataka. Oni omogućavaju razvoj, razmenu i korišćenje prostornih podataka. Zapravo, osiguranje da su sadržaj digitalnih podataka i servisa implementirani sa zajedničkim standardima radi lakšeg pristupa podacima. Standardizacija u geosektoru mora biti koordinirana sa tekućim radom na formulisanju INSPIRE implementacionih pravila i tehničkih specifikacija za skupove podataka. Zakon o standardizaciji uspostavlja legalnu osnovu za standardizaciju u Republici Srbiji, definiše nadležnosti učesnika i reguliše načela pripreme i primene standarda. Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, kao nadležno nacionalno telo za standardizaciju, razvija i promoviše standarde doprinoseći unapređenju proizvoda i usluga u Srbiji. Republički geodetski zavod je pokrenuo inicijativu za osnivanje komisije za standardizaciju. Institut za standardizaciju Srbije formirao je Komisiju za standarde iz oblasti geografskih informacija sa oznakom KS I 211. Predmet rada ove komisije su standardi iz oblasti geografskih informacija kroz praćenje rada tehničkih komiteta ISO/TC 211 i CEN/TC 287