Use of statistical study methods for the analysis of the results of the imitation modeling of radiation transfer

Recently, due to the abundance of various types of observational data in the systems of vision through the atmosphere and the need for their processing, the use of various methods of statistical research in the study of such systems as correlation-regression analysis, dynamic series, variance analysis, etc. is actual. We have attempted to apply elements of correlation-regression analysis for the study and subsequent prediction of the patterns of radiation transfer in these systems same as in the construction of radiation models of the atmosphere. In this paper, we present some results of statistical processing of the results of numerical simulation of the characteristics of vision systems through the atmosphere obtained with the help of a special software package

Пищевая, лечебная и экологическая ценность грибов Pleurotus ostreatus

We present the literature review describing food, medicinal and ecological properties of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It is shown that the mushroom is adequate foodstuff for human beings. It provides with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral salts. Protein of the oyster mushrooms’ mycothallus contains 18 amino acids, eight of which were essential (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, and valine). Therapeutic value of the mushroom is characterised by a content of water-soluble (thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, niacin, B5, PP, pyridoxine B6, biotin B7, ascorbic and pantothenic acid) and liposoluble (calciferol, ergosterol, tocopherol) vitamins. The considerable gains from the farm wastes use for the mushrooms raising with subsequent application of the substrate in plant cultivation and animal husbandry are stated. Проаналізовано дані літератури, що характеризують харчові, лікувальні та екологічні властивості грибів Рleurotus ostreatus (глива звичайна). Глива – повноцінний продукт харчування, який забезпечує потребу організму людини у білках, вуглеводах, жирах, вітамінах і мінеральних солях. У білках плодових тіл гливи міститься 18 амінокислот, 8 з яких незамінні (ізолейцин, лейцин, лізин, метіонін, фенілаланін, триптофан, треонін, валін). Лікувальна цінність грибів характеризується вмістом водорозчинних (тіамін В1, рибофлавін В2, ніацин В5, РР, піридоксин В6, біотин В7, аскорбінова та пантотенова кислота) і жиророзчинних (кальциферол, ергостерол, токоферол) вітамінів. Відмічено можливість значного підвищення ефективності використання відходів сільського господарства за рахунок отримання плодових тіл, а також наступного використання субстрату після плодоносіння у рослинництві та тваринництві.Проанализированы данные литературы, характеризующие пищевые, лечебные и экологические свойства гриба Рleurotus ostreatus (вешенка обыкновенная). Вешенка – полноценный продукт питания, обеспечивающий потребность организма человека в белках, углеводах, жирах, витаминах и минеральных солях. В белках плодовых тел вешенки содержится 18 аминокислот, восемь из которых незаменимые (изолейцин, лейцин, лизин, метионин, фенилаланин, триптофан, треонин, валин). Лечебная ценность грибов характеризуется содержанием водорастворимых (тиамин В1, рибофлавин В2, ниацин В5, РР, пиридоксин В6, биотин В7, аскорбиновая и пантотеновая кислота) и жирорастворимых (кальциферол, эргостерол, токоферол) витаминов. Отмечена возможность значительного повышения эффективности использования отходов сельского хозяйства за счет получения плодовых тел, а также последующего применения субстрата после плодоношения в растениеводстве и животноводстве.

Element Accumulation Patterns of Native Plant Species under the Natural Geochemical Stress

A biogeochemical study of more than 20,000 soil and plant samples from the North Caucasus, Dzungarian Alatau, Kazakh Uplands, and Karatau Mountains revealed features of the chemical element uptake by the local flora. Adaptation of ore prospecting techniques alongside environmental approaches allowed the detection of geochemical changes in ecosystems, and the lessons learned can be embraced for soil phytoremediation. The data on the influence of phytogeochemical stress on the accumulation of more than 20 chemical elements by plants are considered in geochemical provinces, secondary fields of deposits, halos surrounding ore and nonmetallic deposits, zones of regional faults and schist formation, and over lithological contact lines of chemically contrasting rocks overlain by 5-20 m thick soils and unconsolidated cover. We have corroborated the postulate that the element accumulation patterns of native plants under the natural geochemical stress depend not only on the element content in soils and the characteristics of a particular species but also on the values of ionic radii and valences; with an increase in the energy coefficients of a chemical element, its plant accumulation decreases sharply. The contribution of internal factors to element uptake from solutions gives the way to soil phytoremediation over vast contaminated areas. The use of hyperaccumulating species for mining site soil treatment depends on several external factors that can strengthen or weaken the stressful situation, viz., the amount of bedrock exposure and thickness of unconsolidated rocks over ores, the chemical composition of ores and primary halos in ore-containing strata, the landscape and geochemical features of sites, and chemical element migration patterns in the supergene zone

Evolution of the cosmic ray anisotropy above 10^{14} eV

The amplitude and phase of the cosmic ray anisotropy are well established experimentally between 10^{11} eV and 10^{14} eV. The study of their evolution into the energy region 10^{14}-10^{16} eV can provide a significant tool for the understanding of the steepening ("knee") of the primary spectrum. In this letter we extend the EAS-TOP measurement performed at E_0 around 10^{14} eV, to higher energies by using the full data set (8 years of data taking). Results derived at about 10^{14} and 4x10^{14} eV are compared and discussed. Hints of increasing amplitude and change of phase above 10^{14} eV are reported. The significance of the observation for the understanding of cosmic ray propagation is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ Letter

Biogeochemical assessment of soils and plants in industrial, residential and recreational areas of Saint Petersburg

Soils and plants of Saint Petersburg are under the constant technogenic stress caused by human activity in industrial, residential, and recreational landscapes of the city. To assess the transformed landscapes of various functional zones, we studied utility, housing, and park districts with a total area of over 7,000 hectares in the southern part of the city during the summer seasons of 2016-2018. Throughout the fieldwork period, 796 individual pairs of soil and plant samples were collected. A complex of consequent laboratory studies performed in an accredited laboratory allowed the characterization of key biogeochemical patterns of urban regolith specimens and herbage samples of various grasses. Chemical analyses provided information on the concentrations of polluting metals in soils and plants of different land use zones. Data interpretation and calculation of element accumulation factors revealed areas with the most unfavorable environmental conditions. We believe that a high pollution level in southern city districts has led to a significant degree of physical, chemical, and biological degradation of the soil and vegetation cover. As of today, approximately 10 % of the Technosols in the study area have completely lost the ability to biological self-revitalization, which results in ecosystem malfunction and the urgent need for land remediation

The Modified Weighted Slab Technique: Models and Results

In an attempt to understand the source and propagation of galactic cosmic rays we have employed the Modified Weighted Slab technique along with recent values of the relevant cross sections to compute primary to secondary ratios including B/C and Sub-Fe/Fe for different galactic propagation models. The models that we have considered are the disk-halo diffusion model, the dynamical halo wind model, the turbulent diffusion model and a model with minimal reacceleration. The modified weighted slab technique will be briefly discussed and a more detailed description of the models will be given. We will also discuss the impact that the various models have on the problem of anisotropy at high energy and discuss what properties of a particular model bear on this issue.Comment: LaTeX - AASTEX format, Submitted to ApJ, 8 figures, 20 page