Multiphoton Quantum Optics and Quantum State Engineering

We present a review of theoretical and experimental aspects of multiphoton quantum optics. Multiphoton processes occur and are important for many aspects of matter-radiation interactions that include the efficient ionization of atoms and molecules, and, more generally, atomic transition mechanisms; system-environment couplings and dissipative quantum dynamics; laser physics, optical parametric processes, and interferometry. A single review cannot account for all aspects of such an enormously vast subject. Here we choose to concentrate our attention on parametric processes in nonlinear media, with special emphasis on the engineering of nonclassical states of photons and atoms. We present a detailed analysis of the methods and techniques for the production of genuinely quantum multiphoton processes in nonlinear media, and the corresponding models of multiphoton effective interactions. We review existing proposals for the classification, engineering, and manipulation of nonclassical states, including Fock states, macroscopic superposition states, and multiphoton generalized coherent states. We introduce and discuss the structure of canonical multiphoton quantum optics and the associated one- and two-mode canonical multiphoton squeezed states. This framework provides a consistent multiphoton generalization of two-photon quantum optics and a consistent Hamiltonian description of multiphoton processes associated to higher-order nonlinearities. Finally, we discuss very recent advances that by combining linear and nonlinear optical devices allow to realize multiphoton entangled states of the electromnagnetic field, that are relevant for applications to efficient quantum computation, quantum teleportation, and related problems in quantum communication and information.Comment: 198 pages, 36 eps figure

Bulk crystals of ferroelectric niobates with periodic domain pattern

Ferroelectrics with periodically arranged antiparallel domains are very attractive for applications in nonlinear optics,1 the major difficulty being the fabrication of perfect periodic structures. To produce bulk crystals we used Czochralski growth of lithium niobate crystals doped with Y, Dy, and with Mg as a second dopant, and barium-sodium niobate. Both crystals were grown along the ferroelectric z-axis, and lithium niobate along [ 01 1 ¯ 2 ] -direction as well (at 57° to z-axis in YZ-plane).</jats:p

UTICAJ NEORGANSKIH ANJONA NA FOTOKATALITIČKI TRETMAN FARMACEUTIKA

U okviru rada proučavan je uticaj neorganskih anjona na proces fotokatalitičke degradacije farmaceutika u vodama. Detaljno je obrađena tema prisustva neorganskih anjona u vodenoj sredini i njihovih uticaja na procese razgradnje, a zatim i mogući postupci uklanjanja farmaceutika iz vode, uz akcenat na unapređene procese oksidacije i fotokatalitički tretman. Ispitan je uticaj nitratnih, fosfatnih, sulfatnih i hloridnih jona na fotokatalitičku degradaciju naproksena, ibuprofena, ketoprofena i diklofenaka u vodi.</jats:p

Anomalies of the plastic deformation of solid parahydrogen

The work hardening curves σ(ε) of special-purity parahydrogen single crystals are obtained in the temperature range 2-6 °K at very low stresses (σ=5 10 - 2 g/mm2). Our study reveals a number of anomalies, in particular an effect whereby a sample recovers its dimensions after plastic deformation reaching 7%. The work hardening curves of solid neon are also obtained for comparison. The gravity-induced downward flow of parahydrogen single crystals at helium temperatures mentioned in the literature has not been observed.The work hardening curves σ(ε) of special-purity parahydrogen single crystals are obtained in the temperature range 2–6 °K at very low stresses (σ=5 · 10 – 2 g/mm2). Our study reveals a number of anomalies, in particular an effect whereby a sample recovers its dimensions after plastic deformation reaching 7%. The work hardening curves of solid neon are also obtained for comparison. The gravity-induced downward flow of parahydrogen single crystals at helium temperatures mentioned in the literature has not been observed.</p