Phylogenetic relationships of Artemisia subg. Dracunculus (Asteraceae) based on ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences.

14p.Molecular-phylogenetic analyses of a large sampling of Artemisia subg. Dracunculus were carried out under Bayesian and maximum parsimony criteria to circumscribe the subgenus and explore the relationships between the species in the core of the subgenus. The Dracunculus complex was resolved into two main clades: one core clade including most of the Eurasian representatives plus a few closely related North American endemic species, and a second, small clade including A. salsoloides and A. tanaitica. Segregation of the latter two species is proposed in order to keep the subgenus monophyletic. Within the core clade, the existence of different lineages such as the A. dracunculus or A. campestris complexes, as well as the relationships of Mausolea, Neopallasia and Turaniphytum, are scrutinized. Discordances between the molecular data and previous morphological taxonomic treatments are noted. The occurrence of polyploidy in the subgenus is explored using previously published and newly generated genome size data.This work was subsidized by DGICYT (Spanish Government; project CGL2007-64839-C02-01-02/ BOS and CGL2004-04563-C02-02/BOS) and Generalitat de Catalunya (project 2009SGR439). J.P. received a predoctoral grant from the Spanish Government (FPI program).Peer reviewe

Chromosome numbers in some Artemisia (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) species and genome size variation in its subgenus Dracunculus: Karyological, systematic and phylogenetic implications

Chromosome counts in 12 Artemisia species from Russia are presented in this paper. Chromosome numbers of A. czekanowskiana, A. globosa, A. ledebouriana, A. lithophila, A. macilenta, A. pycnorhiza and A. sosnovskyi are reported for the first time. The chromosome counts carried out in A. czekanowskiana (2n=10x=90) and A. macrantha (2n=12x=108) indicate cases of aneusomaty. The presence of a dicentric chromosome and acentric fragments or a B-chromosome is reported for one species. Besides these, genome size in 21 populations of 18 species of Artemisia belonging to the subgenus Dracunculus, mainly from Russia and Mongolia, has been assessed by flow cytometry. The nuclear DNA content ranges from 2C=4.21 to 2C=24.58 pg, and the nuclear DNA content per basic chromosome set (1Cx) from 2.06 to 3.00 pg. The constancy of genome size has been evaluated concluding that there exists a nuclear DNA loss (at the 1Cx-value level) within ascending ploidy levels. Possible correlations between genome size, morphological traits and the phylogenetic position of species have been tested.This work was subsidized by DGICYT (Spanish Government; project CGL2004-04563-C02-02/BOS). Two of the authors (J.P. and S.G.) received predoctoral grants from the Spanish Government.Peer reviewe

Chromosome numbers in the tribes Anthemideae and Inuleae (Asteraceae)

9 p.Twenty-two chromosome counts of 19 taxa (21 populations) in the tribe Anthemideae and one member (one population) of the tribe Inuleae of the family Asteraceae are reported. The Anthemideae studied belong to the subtribes Artemisiinae (14 Artemisia taxa, and one species each of the genera Dendranthema , Filifolium and Neopallasia ) and Tanacetinae (one species each of the genera Lepidolopha and Tanacetopsis ). From the Inuleae, we studied one Inula species. Five counts are new reports (including two at generic level), six are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very limited (one to four records) previous data. Most of populations of Anthemideae studied have the basic chromosome number x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2 x to 10 x . Dysploidy is also present, with two x = 8 diploid taxa. The species of Inuleae studied is a diploid with x = 10, also indicating dysploidy, other members of the same genus Inula having basic numbers of x = 9 or 8.Peer reviewe

Phylogeny and biogeography of Artemisia subgenus Seriphidium (Asteraceae: Anthemideae)

19 p., tablas, figuras -- Contiene material suplementario -- Postprint del artículo publicado en Taxon. Versión revisada y corregidaArtemisia subg. Seriphidium is one of the largest groups within Artemisia, encompassing more than one hundred species, some of them having considerable ecological and economical importance. However, the evolution of subg. Seriphidium has received less attention in comparison to other subgenera of Artemisia, probably, apart from the difficulty of sampling throughout its very large distribution area, because of the low molecular and morphological variability observed in previous studies. Here, we use thorough taxonomic sampling within both Artemisia and subg. Seriphidium to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the subgenus, employing nuclear and plastid DNA sequences as well as various phylogenetic, biogeographic and diversification dynamics tools to analyse the data. Our results show that subg. Seriphidium is not monophyletic, but segregated into two main clades: one large monophyletic group corresponding to the formerly recognised sect. Seriphidium and a second, small clade, phylogenetically distant from the first. Biogeographic and diversification analyses indicate that a rapid radiation of species within sect. Seriphidium occurred in Central Asia during the Miocene-Pliocene transition. The results of our biogeographic analysis suggest that this diversification process started around the Tian-Shan, Pamir and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, subsequently expanding into the Eurasian continent. Finally, we uncovered numerous incongruences between taxonomic and genetic information in several sect. Seriphidium species, which could be explained by morphological uniformity, hybridisation and/or incomplete lineage sorting processes.We are obliged to the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan for funding S.M. under International Research Support Initiative Program (1-8/HEC/HRD/2013/2794). This work was also subsidised by the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica, the government of Spain (CGL2013-49097-C2-2-P), the Generalitat de Catalunya, the government of Catalonia (“Ajuts a grups de recerca consolidats”, 2014SGR514). D.V. benefited from an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe

Palynological study of Ajania Poljakov and related genera (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)

A morphometrical study of pollen grains using scanning electron microscopy has been performed in seven genera belonging to the subtribe Artemisiinae (Anthemideae). Forty-six populations representing 40 species were considered, mainly from the genus Ajania (31 populations studied of 25 species). This work also includes observations in the genera Brachanthemum, Cancrinia, Crossostephium, Dendranthema, Elachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Poljakovia and Stilpnolepis. Most data here provided constitute the first pollen observation for some species and genera (Cancrinia and Poljakovia). Two different pollen exine ornamentations are confirmed in the tribe, Anthemis-type (echinate) and Artemisia-type (microechinate), a result consistent with previous studies. Artemisia-type is exclusive of the subtribe whereas Anthemis-type is also present outside the Artemisiinae, suggesting that it may represent the ancestral character state for the group. These pollen types appear as clearly differentiated on the basis of their size and exine ornamentation. Their distribution in the phylogeny of Artemisiinae also segregates them: Anthemis-type is found in the Dendranthema and allied genera, whereas Artemisia-type occurs in Artemisia and closely related genera. Nevertheless, we found some very rare exceptions to this trend (e.g. Ajania junnanica, Elachanthemum and Stilpnolepis), whose possible origin is discussed.This work was subsidized by DGICYT (Spanish Government; projects CGL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS and CGL2007-64839-C02-17 02/BOS) and by RFBR (Russian Federation, grant 07-04-00057). J. P. received a predoctoral grant (FPI program), S. G. a JAE Doc contract from the CSIC, and O. H. a postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación).Peer reviewe

Chromosome counts in Asian Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) species: from diploids to the first report of the highest polyploid in the genus.

10p., 24 fig.[EN] This work comprises 24 reports of chromosome numbers in 24 Artemisia L. species from Asia. Ten are included in the subgenus Dracunculus Besser and the rest belong to other subgenera. Seven counts are new reports, 14 are consistent with scarce previous ones, and three contribute new ploidy levels. That carried out in A. medioxima reports the highest ploidy level ever counted for the genus (16 x ). There is only one species with x = 8 as the basic chromosome number. In the remaining x = 9-based species, ploidy levels range from 2 x to 16 x , illustrating the great role played by polyploidy in the evolution of the genus.Peer reviewe