Obalčari (Insecta, Plecoptera) u muzejskim zbirkama u Hrvatskoj

Seventeen species of stoneflies (Plecoptera) were recorded from the stonefly collection of the Croatian Natural History Museum. Nine taxa (eight species) of stoneflies were recorded from the stonefly collection of Franjo Košćec from the Entomological Department of the Varaždin Municipal Museum. Eight species from Zagreb and two species from Varaždin were recorded for the first time for Croatia. Although small, these collections are important for the relatively poor stonefly fauna of Croatia with only 30 species recorded so far.U maloj zbirci obalčara (Plecoptera) iz Hrvatskog prirodoslovnog muzeja utvrdili smo 17 različitih vrsta, a u maloj zbirci obalčara iz entomološke zbirke Franje Košćeca, smještene u Entomološkom odjelu Gradskog muzeja Varaždin, utvrdili smo 9 različitih svojti (8 vrsta). Osam vrsta iz Zagreba i dvije vrste iz Varaždina prvi su puta zabilježene za područje Hrvatske. Iako dosta male, ove su muzejske zbirke vrlo važne za relativno skromno istraženu faunu obalčara Hrvatske s trenutno poznatih 30 vrsta

Prvi nalazi alpske vrste obalčara Protonemura julia Nicolai, 1983 (Insecta, Plecoptera) u Hrvatskoj

The known geographical distribution of the stonefly species Protonemura julia Nicolai, 1983 (Nemouridae, Amphinemurinae) has been considerably extended with new records from Croatia. For the first time, this so-called endemic species of the Italian Julian Alps was found in the mountainous region Gorski kotar (north-western Croatia), at Čabranka River spring area in summer 2006. The first record of the species was reconfirmed on the next field trip in autumn 2006, and it was additionally found at Gerovčica Stream spring area. The new records reported here are the southernmost findings of P. julia, confirming indications that some springs in the Gorski kotar area serve as microrefugia for cold stenothermic species.Poznata geografska rasprostranjenost obalčara Protonemura julia Nicolai, 1983 (Nemouridae, Amphinemurinae) značajno je proširena novim nalazima u Hrvatskoj. Ova endemska vrsta talijanskih Julijskih Alpa pronađena je u ljeto 2006. u Gorskom kotaru (sjeverozapadna Hrvatska), na izvorišnom području rijeke Čabranke. Njena prisutnost potvrđena je terenskim istraživanjem vodenih kukaca istog područja i u jesen iste godine, kada je dodatno prona|ena i na izvorišnom području Gerovčice. Novi nalazi, opisani u ovom radu, predstavljaju najjužnije poznate nalaze ove vrste obalčara te potvrđuju naše pretpostavke da neki izvori u Gorskom kotaru predstavljaju mikrorefugije za neke stenotermne vrste hladnih voda

Fauna obalčara (Insecta: Plecoptera) mediteranske rijeke Cetine, Hrvatska

We present the first list of the stonefly fauna of the Mediterranean river the Cetina, comprising 14 species. During the period from August 2004 to September 2005, March and April 2006, June and October 2007 the first systematic study of the stoneflies of the Cetina River was carried out at 13 locations. Manually and with entomological net, we collected qualitative samples of adult Plecoptera, exuviae and larvae. Most of the species were documented by digital macro photography. The results are based mainly on identification of adult insects and only in some cases are larvae and exuviae taken into consideration. Ten different genera from six families were recorded, three of which belong to the family Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), two to the family Perlidae (Perla, Dinocras), two to the family Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla), one to the family Leuctridae (Leuctra), one to the family Chloroperlidae (Siphonoperla) and one to the family Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera). Five stonefly species found along the Cetina River were recorded here for the first time in Croatia: Protonemura autumnalis, Protonemura hrabei, Besdolus imhoffi, Leuctra fusca, and Leuctra mortoni. These findings, together with 14 new species recently recorded from the Plitvice Lakes National Park, one new species from the Gorski kotar region, and two new species from the Entomological Department of the Varaždin Municipal Museum increased the number of stonefly species for Croatia from 28 to 50, and represent important new findings for the Croatian part of the Western Dinaric region.Prikazali smo prvi popis faune obalčara mediteranske rijeke Cetine koji obuhvaća ukupno 14 vrsta. Ovo prvo sustavno istraživanje obalčara rijeke Cetine obavljano je na 13 lokacija u razdoblju od kolovoza 2004. do rujna 2005. godine, u ožujku i travnju 2006. te u lipnju i listopadu 2007. godine. Kvalitativni uzorci odraslih jedinki, svlakova i ličinki Plecoptera sakupljani su ručno i pomoću entomološke mrežice. Većina vrsta dokumentirana je i pomoću digitalne makro fotografije. Rezultati su bazirani uglavnom na identifikaciji odraslih jedinki, a samo su u nekim slučajevima u obzir uzimani svlakovi i ličinke. Zabilježeno je deset različitih rodova obalčara iz šest porodica: tri iz porodice Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), dva iz porodice Perlidae (Perla, Dinocras), dva iz porodice Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla), jedan iz porodice Leuctridae (Leuctra), jedan iz porodice Chloroperlidae (Siphonoperla) i jedan iz porodice Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera). Pet vrsta obalčara nađenih duž rijeke Cetine prvi puta je zabilježeno za faunu Hrvatske: Protonemura autumnalis, Protonemura hrabei, Besdolus imhoffi, Leuctra fusca i Leuctra mortoni. Ti nalazi, zajedno s 14 nedavno zabilježenih novih vrsta na području Nacionalnog parka Plitvička jezera, jednom novom vrstom iz Gorskog kotara te dvije nove vrste iz entomološke zbirke Franje Košćeca u Varaždinu, utjecali su za povećanje broja poznatih obalčara u Hrvatskoj s 28 na 50. Oni isto tako predstavljaju nove važne nalaze za hrvatski dio zapadne dinaridske regije

Fauna Plecoptera donjeg toka rijeke Une u Hrvatskoj

A study of the stonefly fauna on the left bank of the border river Una was carried out during April and May 2009, and from July to November 2010. Qualitative samples of adult Plecoptera were collected at nine different locations in the lower part of the Una River catchment area in Croatia. The aim of this study was to investigate the richness and the distribution of stoneflies along the lower reach of the Una River and its tributaries. The results are based on the identification of adult insects and only in a few cases were larvae and exuviae taken into consideration. Altogether, eleven species of stoneflies were recorded, from five families and ten different genera. Three belong to the family Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), three to the family Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla, Perlodes), two to the family Perlidae (Marthamea, Perla), one to the family Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera), and one to the family Leuctridae (Leuctra). The location with the highest richness of stonefly fauna was the lower reach of Čatlan Stream, with five species recorded. The lowest richness of stonefly fauna (1 species) was recorded at the lowest Una River locality (250 m above the confluence with the Sava River in Jasenovac) and at the only spring locality (Jantalovića Spring). Despite the small number of recorded stonefly species in the study area, we found some remarkable species, which have not been recorded for quite a long time in many countries in Europe. Marthamea vitripennis was re-discovered again in Croatia after one century, together with Perla burmeisteriana and Besdolus imhoffi. These species are included on the list of 50 strictly protected Plecoptera species in Croatia. Therefore, the conservation of this important area should be one of the key concerns of environmental policies in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Prvo istraživanje faune obalčara duž lijeve obale granične rijeke Une obavljano je u razdoblju od travnja do svibnja 2009. te od srpnja to studenog 2010. godine. Sakupljali smo kvalitativne uzorke odraslih jedinki Plecoptera na devet lokacija duž lijeve obale u donjem dijelu toka rijeke Une u Hrvatskoj. Većina vrsta dokumentirana je pomoću digitalne makro-fotografije. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je istražiti bogatstvo i rasprostranjenost obalčara donjeg toka rijeke Une i njenih pritoka u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati se uglavnom zasnivaju na identifikaciji odraslih jedinki, a samo u nekim slučajevima u obzir su uzimani svlakovi i ličinke. Zabilježeno je jedanaest vrsta iz pet porodica i deset različitih rodova obalčara: tri iz porodice Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), tri iz porodice Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla, Perlodes), dva iz porodice Perlidae (Marthamea, Perla), jedan iz porodice Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera) te jedan iz porodice Leuctridae (Leuctra). Najveće bogatstvo faune obalčara s pet zabilježenih vrsta bila je u donjem toku potoka Čatlan. Najmanje bogatstvo (s jednom vrstom) zabilježeno je na najnižem lokalitetu na rijeci Uni (250 m uzvodno ušća u rijeku Savu kod Jasenovca) te na jedinom izvorskom lokalitetu (Jantalovića vrelo). Unatoč malom broju zabilježenih vrsta obalčara na istraživanom području, ipak smo pronašli neke značajne vrste koje već duže vrijeme nisu zabilježene u većini zemalja Europe. Tako je u Hrvatskoj nakon jednog stoljeća ponovo pronađena vrsta Marthamea vitripennis zajedno s vrstama Perla burmeisteriana i Besdolus imhoffi. Sve tri vrste nedavno su uključene na popis 50 strogo zaštićenih vrsta obalčara u Hrvatskoj. Zbog toga bi zaštita ovog značajnog područja prirode trebala biti među glavnim prioritetima u politici zaštite prirode i okoliša u Hrvatskoj te Bosni i Hercegovini

Fauna Plecoptera donjeg toka rijeke Une u Hrvatskoj

A study of the stonefly fauna on the left bank of the border river Una was carried out during April and May 2009, and from July to November 2010. Qualitative samples of adult Plecoptera were collected at nine different locations in the lower part of the Una River catchment area in Croatia. The aim of this study was to investigate the richness and the distribution of stoneflies along the lower reach of the Una River and its tributaries. The results are based on the identification of adult insects and only in a few cases were larvae and exuviae taken into consideration. Altogether, eleven species of stoneflies were recorded, from five families and ten different genera. Three belong to the family Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), three to the family Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla, Perlodes), two to the family Perlidae (Marthamea, Perla), one to the family Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera), and one to the family Leuctridae (Leuctra). The location with the highest richness of stonefly fauna was the lower reach of Čatlan Stream, with five species recorded. The lowest richness of stonefly fauna (1 species) was recorded at the lowest Una River locality (250 m above the confluence with the Sava River in Jasenovac) and at the only spring locality (Jantalovića Spring). Despite the small number of recorded stonefly species in the study area, we found some remarkable species, which have not been recorded for quite a long time in many countries in Europe. Marthamea vitripennis was re-discovered again in Croatia after one century, together with Perla burmeisteriana and Besdolus imhoffi. These species are included on the list of 50 strictly protected Plecoptera species in Croatia. Therefore, the conservation of this important area should be one of the key concerns of environmental policies in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Prvo istraživanje faune obalčara duž lijeve obale granične rijeke Une obavljano je u razdoblju od travnja do svibnja 2009. te od srpnja to studenog 2010. godine. Sakupljali smo kvalitativne uzorke odraslih jedinki Plecoptera na devet lokacija duž lijeve obale u donjem dijelu toka rijeke Une u Hrvatskoj. Većina vrsta dokumentirana je pomoću digitalne makro-fotografije. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je istražiti bogatstvo i rasprostranjenost obalčara donjeg toka rijeke Une i njenih pritoka u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati se uglavnom zasnivaju na identifikaciji odraslih jedinki, a samo u nekim slučajevima u obzir su uzimani svlakovi i ličinke. Zabilježeno je jedanaest vrsta iz pet porodica i deset različitih rodova obalčara: tri iz porodice Nemouridae (Amphinemura, Nemoura, Protonemura), tri iz porodice Perlodidae (Besdolus, Isoperla, Perlodes), dva iz porodice Perlidae (Marthamea, Perla), jedan iz porodice Taeniopterygidae (Brachyptera) te jedan iz porodice Leuctridae (Leuctra). Najveće bogatstvo faune obalčara s pet zabilježenih vrsta bila je u donjem toku potoka Čatlan. Najmanje bogatstvo (s jednom vrstom) zabilježeno je na najnižem lokalitetu na rijeci Uni (250 m uzvodno ušća u rijeku Savu kod Jasenovca) te na jedinom izvorskom lokalitetu (Jantalovića vrelo). Unatoč malom broju zabilježenih vrsta obalčara na istraživanom području, ipak smo pronašli neke značajne vrste koje već duže vrijeme nisu zabilježene u većini zemalja Europe. Tako je u Hrvatskoj nakon jednog stoljeća ponovo pronađena vrsta Marthamea vitripennis zajedno s vrstama Perla burmeisteriana i Besdolus imhoffi. Sve tri vrste nedavno su uključene na popis 50 strogo zaštićenih vrsta obalčara u Hrvatskoj. Zbog toga bi zaštita ovog značajnog područja prirode trebala biti među glavnim prioritetima u politici zaštite prirode i okoliša u Hrvatskoj te Bosni i Hercegovini

Fauna tulara (Insecta: Trichoptera) Kupe, Čabranke i njihovih pritoka (Gorski kotar, zapadna Hrvatska)

Adult caddisflies were collected monthly from October 2008 to October 2009 at 25 sites along the course of the rivers Kupa and Čabranka, and at various habitats in their tributaries. Altogether 38 species were recorded. Regarding the seasonal composition of caddisfly fauna, the highest number of species was recorded in the spring months, followed by the summer period. The occurrence of the most abundant species was mainly in accordance with their typical flight periods. Three species, Rhyacophila palmeni, Wormaldia copiosa and Tinodes rostocki, are new to the caddisfly fauna of Croatia. The current study represents an important contribution to the knowledge of caddisfly fauna of the Gorski kotar region, but also of Croatia in general.Odrasli tulari prikupljani su od listopada 2008. do listopada 2009. godine na ukupno 25 postaja duž toka Kupe i Čabranke te na različitim staništima u njihovim pritocima. Najveći broj vrsta zabilježen je tijekom proljetnih mjeseci, zatim tijekom ljetnih mjeseci. Sezonska dinamika zabilježena za najzastupljenije vrste u najvećoj mjeri odgovara njihovim uobičajenim razdobljima aktivnosti. Tijekom istraživanja zabilježeno je ukupno 38 vrsta, a od toga su tri vrste, Rhyacophila palmeni, Wormaldia copiosa i Tinodes rostocki, nove za faunu Hrvatske. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja važan doprinos poznavanju faune tulara Gorskog kotara, ali i Hrvatske općenito

Can Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT) assemblage reflect nitrogen and phosphorus load in the riverine ecosystem?

The aim of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate compositions in streams and rivers in Croatia with relation to different physical-chemical factors, especially nutrients. Samples were collected according to the AQEM method. At all the sites, 20 taxa were recorded of which Turbellaria, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Crustacea, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Heteroptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera were included in the present study. Water temperature mostly affected the composition of benthic macroinvertebrates to which it was inversely proportional. Nutrient enrichment, i.e., higher concentrations of ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, total nitrogen, orthophosphates and total phosphorus mostly affected Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera, by decreasing their diversity

Der Einfluss von physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren und Metallen auf die Gemeinschaften von Eintagsfliegen, Steinfliegen und Köcherfliegen (EPT)

U ovom smo radu istraživali vezu između broja svojti unutar triju redova vodenih kukaca: vodencvjetova (Ephemeroptera), obalčara (Plecoptera) i tulara (Trichoptera), ukupnog broja svojti (EPT), kao i udjela EPT jedinki u zajednici bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka (EPT[%]) te metala otopljenih u vodi i fizikalno-kemijskih pokazatelja. Prisustvo EPT zajednice s velikim brojem svojti i velikim udjelom u ukupnoj zajednici bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka se obično povezuje s dobrom kvalitetom slatkovodnih ekosustava. Svi podaci su prikupljeni u sklopu programa sustavnog praćenja stanja površinskih voda tijekom 8 godina (2010.-2017.). Ukupno je analizirano 247 uzoraka bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka na 172 postaje uzorkovanja, a svi uzorci prikupljeni su koristeći AQEM metodu uzorkovanja. Voda za određivanje koncentracije otopljenih metala i osnovnih fizikalno-kemijskih pokazatelja uzorkovana je u godini kad je prikupljen uzorak bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka, a svi navedeni pokazatelji mjereni su standardnim analitičkim metodama za analizu kakvoće površinskih voda (ISO norme). Pronađena je negativna veza EPT zajednice (broj svojti vodencvjetova (E), obalčara (P), tulara (T) i ukupno (EPT), te udio jedinki EPT u ukupnom uzorku (EPT [%]) s fizikalno-kemijskim pokazateljima, kao što su to npr.: temperatura i P = -0,528, električna vodljivost i P = -0,491, ukupna tvrdoća i EPT = -0,493) te slaba negativna veza s alkalitetom i ukupnom suspendiranom tvari. Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije ukazuje i na statistički značajnu negativnu povezanost između i koncentracije mangana s P i T (-0,540, -0,380 slijedom) te arsena s EPT[%] (-0,421). S ostalim metalima (bakar, cink, kadmij, krom, nikal, olovo, živa i željezo) korelacije su slabe do beznačajne. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da bi uporaba EPT kao bioindikatora mogla biti važna strategija pri određivanju zagađenja manganom i arsenom u vodenom okolišu.The paper investigates the relationship between the number of taxa within three orders of aquatic insects - Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies), the total taxa (EPT) and EPT individuals in the benthic macroinvertebrate community (EPT[%]), including dissolved metals in the water and physico-chemical parameters. The presence of EPT community with numerous taxa and a large share in the total macroinvertebrate community is usually associated with good water quality of freshwater ecosystems. All collected data used in this study originate from the national monitoring programme of surface water quality within a period of 8 years (2010 - 2017). In total, 247 samples of benthic macroinvertebrates from 172 sampling stations were analysed. All samples were collected according to the AQEM sampling protocol. The water used for determining the concentrations of dissolved metals and basic physico-chemical parameters was sampled in the same year when the samples of macrozoobenthos were collected, and all mentioned parameters were measured according to standard analytical methods for analysing surface water quality (ISO standards). The statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation of the EPT assemblage (number of taxa of Ephemeroptera (E), Plecoptera (P), Trichoptera (T) and altogether (EPT), as well as the share of EPT individuals in the sample (EPT [%]) with physico-chemical parameters, such as temperature and (P) = -0.528, electric conductivity and (P) = -0.485, total hardness and EPT = -0.493, including a weak negative correlation with alkalinity and total suspended solids. The Spearman\u27s coefficient of the correlation indicated a statistically significant negative correlation of Manganese with P and T (-0.540 and -0.380, respectively) and of Arsenic with EPT[%] (-0.421). The correlations with other metals (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chrome, Nickel, Lead, Mercury and Iron) were weak to insignificant. The results of the present study suggest that the use of EPT as bioindicators may be an important strategy for detecting Manganese and Arsenic pollution in aquatic environments.In diesem Artikel wurde das Verhältnis untersucht zwischen der Anzahl von Taxa innerhalb drei Ordnungen von Insekten, nämlich Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeroptera), Steinfliegen (Plecoptera) und Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera), der Gesamtzahl von Taxa (EPT), dem Anteil der EPT-Individuen in der Gemeinschaft von Makrozoobenthos (EPT[%]) sowie im Wasser gelösten Metallen und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren. Die Anwesenheit der EPT-Gemeinschaft mit einer großen Anzahl von Taxa und großem Anteil an der Gesamtgemeinschaft von Makrozoobenthos verbindet man gewöhnlich mit sehr guter Qualität von Süßwasserökosystemen. Alle Daten wurden im Rahmen des Programms zur systematischen Überwachung des Zustandes von Oberflächengewässern im Laufe von acht Jahren (2010-2017) gesammelt. Insgesamt wurden 247 Makrozoobenthosproben von 172 Probenstationen analysiert, wobei alle Proben nach der AQEM-Methode gesammelt wurden. Die Wasserproben zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von im Wasser gelösten Metallen und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren wurden im gleichen Jahr wie die Makrozoobenthosproben entnommen. Alle Indikatoren wurden mit den üblichen Methoden zur Analyse der Qualität von Oberflächengewässern (ISO-Normen) gemessen. Der negative Zusammenhang zwischen der EPT-Gemeinschaft (Anzahl von Taxa von Eintagsfliegen (E), Steinfliegen (P), Köcherfliegen (T) und Gesamtzahl (EPT) sowie dem Anteil der EPT-Individuen in der Gesamtprobe (EPT[%]) und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren, z. B. Temperatur und P = -0,528, elektrische Leitfähigkeit und P = -0,491, Gesamthärte und EPT = -0,493 wurde festgestellt sowie der schwache negative Zusammenhang zur Alkalität und Gesamtschwebestoffen. Der Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient weist auf einen statistisch signifikanten negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Mangankonzentration und P und T (-0,540 bzw. -0,380) und der Arsenkonzentration und EPT[%] (-0,421) hin. Bei anderen Metallen (Kupfer, Zink, Cadmium, Nickel, Blei, Quecksilber und Eisen) sind die Korrelationen schwach bis insignifikant. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Anwendung von EPT als Bioindikator eine wichtige Strategie in der Bestimmung von Mangan- und Arsenverschmutzung in Gewässern sein könnte

Der Einfluss von physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren und Metallen auf die Gemeinschaften von Eintagsfliegen, Steinfliegen und Köcherfliegen (EPT)

U ovom smo radu istraživali vezu između broja svojti unutar triju redova vodenih kukaca: vodencvjetova (Ephemeroptera), obalčara (Plecoptera) i tulara (Trichoptera), ukupnog broja svojti (EPT), kao i udjela EPT jedinki u zajednici bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka (EPT[%]) te metala otopljenih u vodi i fizikalno-kemijskih pokazatelja. Prisustvo EPT zajednice s velikim brojem svojti i velikim udjelom u ukupnoj zajednici bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka se obično povezuje s dobrom kvalitetom slatkovodnih ekosustava. Svi podaci su prikupljeni u sklopu programa sustavnog praćenja stanja površinskih voda tijekom 8 godina (2010.-2017.). Ukupno je analizirano 247 uzoraka bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka na 172 postaje uzorkovanja, a svi uzorci prikupljeni su koristeći AQEM metodu uzorkovanja. Voda za određivanje koncentracije otopljenih metala i osnovnih fizikalno-kemijskih pokazatelja uzorkovana je u godini kad je prikupljen uzorak bentoskih makrobeskralješnjaka, a svi navedeni pokazatelji mjereni su standardnim analitičkim metodama za analizu kakvoće površinskih voda (ISO norme). Pronađena je negativna veza EPT zajednice (broj svojti vodencvjetova (E), obalčara (P), tulara (T) i ukupno (EPT), te udio jedinki EPT u ukupnom uzorku (EPT [%]) s fizikalno-kemijskim pokazateljima, kao što su to npr.: temperatura i P = -0,528, električna vodljivost i P = -0,491, ukupna tvrdoća i EPT = -0,493) te slaba negativna veza s alkalitetom i ukupnom suspendiranom tvari. Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije ukazuje i na statistički značajnu negativnu povezanost između i koncentracije mangana s P i T (-0,540, -0,380 slijedom) te arsena s EPT[%] (-0,421). S ostalim metalima (bakar, cink, kadmij, krom, nikal, olovo, živa i željezo) korelacije su slabe do beznačajne. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da bi uporaba EPT kao bioindikatora mogla biti važna strategija pri određivanju zagađenja manganom i arsenom u vodenom okolišu.The paper investigates the relationship between the number of taxa within three orders of aquatic insects - Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies), the total taxa (EPT) and EPT individuals in the benthic macroinvertebrate community (EPT[%]), including dissolved metals in the water and physico-chemical parameters. The presence of EPT community with numerous taxa and a large share in the total macroinvertebrate community is usually associated with good water quality of freshwater ecosystems. All collected data used in this study originate from the national monitoring programme of surface water quality within a period of 8 years (2010 - 2017). In total, 247 samples of benthic macroinvertebrates from 172 sampling stations were analysed. All samples were collected according to the AQEM sampling protocol. The water used for determining the concentrations of dissolved metals and basic physico-chemical parameters was sampled in the same year when the samples of macrozoobenthos were collected, and all mentioned parameters were measured according to standard analytical methods for analysing surface water quality (ISO standards). The statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation of the EPT assemblage (number of taxa of Ephemeroptera (E), Plecoptera (P), Trichoptera (T) and altogether (EPT), as well as the share of EPT individuals in the sample (EPT [%]) with physico-chemical parameters, such as temperature and (P) = -0.528, electric conductivity and (P) = -0.485, total hardness and EPT = -0.493, including a weak negative correlation with alkalinity and total suspended solids. The Spearman\u27s coefficient of the correlation indicated a statistically significant negative correlation of Manganese with P and T (-0.540 and -0.380, respectively) and of Arsenic with EPT[%] (-0.421). The correlations with other metals (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chrome, Nickel, Lead, Mercury and Iron) were weak to insignificant. The results of the present study suggest that the use of EPT as bioindicators may be an important strategy for detecting Manganese and Arsenic pollution in aquatic environments.In diesem Artikel wurde das Verhältnis untersucht zwischen der Anzahl von Taxa innerhalb drei Ordnungen von Insekten, nämlich Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeroptera), Steinfliegen (Plecoptera) und Köcherfliegen (Trichoptera), der Gesamtzahl von Taxa (EPT), dem Anteil der EPT-Individuen in der Gemeinschaft von Makrozoobenthos (EPT[%]) sowie im Wasser gelösten Metallen und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren. Die Anwesenheit der EPT-Gemeinschaft mit einer großen Anzahl von Taxa und großem Anteil an der Gesamtgemeinschaft von Makrozoobenthos verbindet man gewöhnlich mit sehr guter Qualität von Süßwasserökosystemen. Alle Daten wurden im Rahmen des Programms zur systematischen Überwachung des Zustandes von Oberflächengewässern im Laufe von acht Jahren (2010-2017) gesammelt. Insgesamt wurden 247 Makrozoobenthosproben von 172 Probenstationen analysiert, wobei alle Proben nach der AQEM-Methode gesammelt wurden. Die Wasserproben zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von im Wasser gelösten Metallen und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren wurden im gleichen Jahr wie die Makrozoobenthosproben entnommen. Alle Indikatoren wurden mit den üblichen Methoden zur Analyse der Qualität von Oberflächengewässern (ISO-Normen) gemessen. Der negative Zusammenhang zwischen der EPT-Gemeinschaft (Anzahl von Taxa von Eintagsfliegen (E), Steinfliegen (P), Köcherfliegen (T) und Gesamtzahl (EPT) sowie dem Anteil der EPT-Individuen in der Gesamtprobe (EPT[%]) und den physikalischen und chemischen Indikatoren, z. B. Temperatur und P = -0,528, elektrische Leitfähigkeit und P = -0,491, Gesamthärte und EPT = -0,493 wurde festgestellt sowie der schwache negative Zusammenhang zur Alkalität und Gesamtschwebestoffen. Der Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient weist auf einen statistisch signifikanten negativen Zusammenhang zwischen der Mangankonzentration und P und T (-0,540 bzw. -0,380) und der Arsenkonzentration und EPT[%] (-0,421) hin. Bei anderen Metallen (Kupfer, Zink, Cadmium, Nickel, Blei, Quecksilber und Eisen) sind die Korrelationen schwach bis insignifikant. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Anwendung von EPT als Bioindikator eine wichtige Strategie in der Bestimmung von Mangan- und Arsenverschmutzung in Gewässern sein könnte

Sastav i struktura zajednica makrozoobentosa mediteranske krške rijeke Cetine i njene pritoke Rude

Benthic invertebrate communities of the Cetina River and the upper reach of the Ruda River were sampled monthly at 11 sites from August 2004 to August 2005. The sampling sites were located along the longitudinal gradient of the Cetina and in the upper reach of the Cetina\u27s largest tributary, the Ruda River. Throughout the study, a total of 310225 animals were collected in 366 samples. In the upper and middle reaches the most numerous taxa were Amphipoda and Gastropoda, while the most numerous taxon in the lower reaches was Gastropoda. The highest and the lowest population density of benthic invertebrates were recorded at the sites Preočki Most in June 2005 (22728 individuals/m2) and Radmanove Mlinice in November 2004 (90 individuals/m2), respectively. At sites Trilj I and Trilj II, the most numerous taxa were Oligochaeta and Chironomidae, indicators of watercourses with higher organic loads. The composition of benthic invertebrate communities at sites along the entire course of Cetina does not reflect the situation expected under natural conditions due to flow regulation and construction of hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs.Istraživanje bentičkih beskralježnjaka rijeke Cetine i izvorišnog dijela toka rijeke Rude provedeno je u razdoblju od kolovoza 2004. do kolovoza 2005. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi sastav i strukturu bentičkih beskralježnjaka duž toka rijeke Cetine i izvorišnog dijela rijeke Rude. U razdoblju od 13 mjeseci u 366 uzoraka ukupno je prikupljeno 310225 jedinki bentičkih beskralježnjaka. Najbrojnije su bile skupine Amphipoda i Gastropoda, i to u gornjem i srednjem dijelu toka, dok je u donjem dijelu toka najbrojnija skupina bila Gastropoda. Udio predstavnika čistih voda iz skupina Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera i Trichoptera smanjivao se od izvora prema ušću. Najveća gustoća bentičkih beskralježnjaka bila je na gornjem dijelu toka, na postaji Preočki most u lipnju 2005. godine (22728 jedinki/m2), a najmanja na postaji na donjem dijelu toka, Radmanovim mlinicama, u studenom 2004. godine (90 jedinki/m2). Na postajama Trilj I i Trilj II najzastupljenije su bile skupine Oligochaeta i Chironomidae koje su karakteristične za organski opterećenije vodotoke. Uzrok tome je vjerojatno neriješena odvodnja otpadnih i komunalnih voda grada Trilja i okolnih područja. Sastav zajednica makrozoobentosa na postajama duž cijelog toka rijeke Cetine ne odražava situaciju koju bismo očekivali u prirodnim uvjetima, zbog regulacije samog toka i izgradnje hidroelektrana i akumulacija