10,834 research outputs found
Matrix iterations and Cichon's diagram
Using matrix iterations of ccc posets, we prove the consistency with ZFC of
some cases where the cardinals on the right hand side of Cichon's diagram take
two or three arbitrary values (two regular values, the third one with
uncountable cofinality). Also, mixing this with the techniques in J Symb Log
56(3):795-810, 1991, we can prove that it is consistent with ZFC to assign, at
the same time, several arbitrary regular values on the left hand side of
Cichon's diagram.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, article in press for the journal Archive for
Mathematical Logi
Template iterations with non-definable ccc forcing notions
We present a version with non-definable forcing notions of Shelah's theory of
iterated forcing along a template. Our main result, as an application, is that,
if is a measurable cardinal and are
uncountable regular cardinals, then there is a ccc poset forcing
. Another
application is to get models with large continuum where the groupwise-density
number assumes an arbitrary regular value.Comment: To appear in the Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, 45 pages, 2
figure
Many Different Uniformity Numbers of Yorioka Ideals
Using a countable support product of creature forcing posets, we show that
consistently, for uncountably many different functions the associated Yorioka
ideals' uniformity numbers can be pairwise different. In addition we show that,
in the same forcing extension, for two other types of simple cardinal
characteristics parametrised by reals (localisation and anti-localisation
cardinals), for uncountably many parameters the corresponding cardinals are
pairwise different.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Non-genomic actions of estradiol and 4-OH-tamoxifen on murine breast cancer cells
Estrogens and tamoxifen do not only exert their effects at the genomic level, but also play a role at the cell membrane activating downstream signaling pathways. We recently characterized an estrogen receptor-positive epithelial murine breast cancer cell line, LM05-E. Utilizing this cell line and MCF-7 cells, we compared the non-genomic effects of estradiol and 4-OH-tamoxifen. We showed that, similar to estradiol, tamoxifen activated the MAPK/ERK 1/2 pathway; however, we did not find activation of PI3K/AKT by either estradiol or tamoxifen. Short-term treatments with estradiol stimulated, whereas tamoxifen inhibited cell proliferation. Using pharmacological inhibitors we showed that the effect of estradiol was mediated by the MAPK/ERK 1/2 pathway, but that inhibition of this pathway did not affect tamoxifen. Surprisingly, however, blocking of PI3K/AKT signaling interfered with the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen. Analysis of the involvement of the EGFR support previous findings that designate this receptor as a mediator of the non-genomic effects of estradiol; blocking EGFR also reverses the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen. Finally, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were confirmed to be involved in the proliferative effect of estradiol. These results demonstrated the novel non-genomic effects of tamoxifen and revealed that pathways downstream of EGFR and PI3K/AKT are involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation. Caution should be exercised when analyzing strategies that aim at combining endocrine therapy with specific signaling inhibitors.Fil: Raffo, Diego Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pontiggia, Osvaldo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Bal, Elisa Dora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Simian, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; Argentin
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