Comparing diabetes mellitus risk perception among patients followed in primary and specialized healthcare: A cross-sectional study in Vaud, Switzerland

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to 1) evaluate perceived risk for diabetes among type 2 diabetes patients with different types of diabetes follow-up: diabetologist, general practitioner, or both (“combined follow-up”) in the community and university settings and 2) determine the prognostic factors for better/ higher risk perception of diabetes among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we quantified diabetes risk perception using Walker’s RPS-DM survey. The PRIME-MD PHQ questionnaire was used to screen for mood and anxiety disorders. The global risk perception scores were coded in two categories (low/high) and compared across the various types of medical follow-up; univariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used to examine the association between perceived risk, patients’ sociodemographic factors, diabetes characteristics and psychological profile

Trends in Memory Problems and Race/Ethnicity in the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2014.

BackgroundLittle data exist to describe serial population-level trends in cognitive impairment- especially among minority communities. Because memory problems are among the first warning signs of cognitive impairment, they provide a potential method for monitoring changes in cognitive health at the population level. This exploratory study aimed to: 1) estimate prevalence of memory problems among US residents by race/ethnicity, age category; and 2) examine whether racial/ethnic differences in subjective cognitive concerns (memory problems) varied across recent time periods.Design and settingSerial cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014.Participants20,585 participants aged ≥45 years during 1999-2014, who reported race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Latino/Hispanic.MeasurementsThe outcome of interest was subjective cognitive concerns, identified as self-reported memory problems. The frequencies of memory problems were examined for each 4-year period, across racial/ethnic groups.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, compared with older (aged ≥ 65 years) NHWs, disparities in subjective cognitive concerns were observed for older Latinos for most periods (range of AOR: 1.43 - 2.01, P<.05). Additionally, Latinos without a high school education had significantly higher odds of reporting memory problems than NHW in multiple periods (range of AOR: 1.95 - 2.17, P<.005), while Latino high school graduates did not. There were no significant changes in racial/ethnic differences in subjective cognitive concerns over time.ConclusionsThe prevalence of subjective cognitive concerns across time periods points to a need to engage patients - particularly older and less-educated Latinos - about warning signs for cognitive impairment. The impact of education on subjective cognitive concerns in older Latinos may be related to acculturation and warrant further investigation

"Call a Teenager… That's What I Do!" - Grandchildren Help Older Adults Use New Technologies: Qualitative Study.

BackgroundAlthough family technical support seems intuitive, there is very little research exploring this topic.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to conduct a subanalysis of data collected from a large-scale qualitative project regarding older adults' experiences in using health information technology. Specifically, the subanalysis explored older adults' experiences with technology support from family members to inform strategies for promoting older adults' engagement with new health technologies. Although the primary analysis of the original study was theoretically driven, this paper reports results from an inductive, open-coding analysis.MethodsThis is a subanalysis of a major code identified unexpectedly from a qualitative study investigating older adults' use experience of a widespread health technology, the patient portal. A total of 24 older patients (≥65 years) with multiple chronic conditions (Charlson Comorbidity Index >2) participated in focus groups conducted at the patients' primary clinic. While conducting the primary theoretically driven analysis, coders utilized an open-coding approach to ensure important ideas not reflected in the theoretical code book were captured. Open coding resulted in 1 code: family support. This subanalysis further categorized family support by who provided tech support, how tech support was offered, and the opinions of older participants about receiving family tech support.ResultsThe participants were not specifically asked about family support, yet themes around family assistance and encouragement for technology emerged from every focus group. Participants repeatedly mentioned that they called their grandchildren and adult children if they needed help with technology. Participants also reported that family members experienced difficulty when teaching technology use. Family members struggled to explain simple technology tasks and were frustrated by the slow teaching process.ConclusionsThe results suggest that older adults ask their family members, particularly grandchildren, to support them in the use of new technologies. However, family may experience difficulties in providing this support. Older adults will be increasingly expected to use health technologies, and family members may help with tech support. Providers and health systems should consider potential family support and engagement strategies to foster adoption and use among older patients

Propuesta para el aprendizaje del concepto de la integral de una función de varias variables mediante actividades de visualización

Se propone una serie de actividades para el aprendizaje del concepto de integración múltiple como una estrategia para el cálculo de área entre dos curvas y posteriormente en el cálculo de volumen. La propuesta se apoya en un enfoque constructivista y en el uso de la computadora para que el estudiante realice la construcción de integrales múltiples y manipule límites de integración de acuerdo a la geométrica de los problemas que se presentan

Un proceso de aprendizaje de integrales múltiples con el uso de herramientas visuales

Se propone una serie de actividades para el aprendizaje del concepto de integración múltiple como una estrategia para el cálculo de área entre dos curvas y posteriormente en el cálculo de volumen. La propuesta se apoya en un enfoque constructivista y en el uso de la computadora para que el estudiante realice la construcción de integrales múltiples y manipule límites de integración de acuerdo con la geométrica de los problemas que se presentan

La realidad marginal de la colonia Jalisco narrada a través de fotografías de estudiantes de secundaria

This research is a study that was conducted in the Jalisco district, one of the most conflictive and poor neighborhoods in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara. During the 2013-2014 school year a photography workshop was delivered in the 39 Mixed High School with the objective that, through visual constructions, students could tell us their feelings, conflicts, perceptions,fears and dreams regarding the context from where they come from. The project may be taken as an example to propose new programs to be introduced as alternative materials in the official programs of public education, because they focus on encouraging creativity, reflection and critical thinking.La presente investigación es un estudio que se llevó a cabo en la colonia Jalisco, una de las colonias más conflictivas y marginales de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. Durante el ciclo escolar se 2013-2014 se impartió un taller fotográfico multigrado en la secundaria Mixta 39, con el objetivo de que a través de construcciones visuales los alumnos nos contaransus sentires, conflictos, percepciones, miedos y sueños a partir del contexto en donde viven. El proyecto puede tomarse como un ejemplo para proponer nuevos programas que se inserten como materia alternativa en los programas oficiales de educación pública, pues van encaminados a incentivar la creatividad, la reflexión y el pensamiento crítico

PopHumanScan : the online catalog of human genome adaptation

Since the migrations that led humans to colonize Earth, our species has faced frequent adaptive challenges that have left signatures in the landscape of genetic variation and that we can identify in our today-s genomes. Here, we (i) perform an outlier approach on eight different population genetic statistics for 22 non-admixed human populations of the Phase III of the 1000 Genomes Project to detect selective sweeps at different historical ages, as well as events of recurrent positive selection in the human lineage; and (ii) create PopHumanScan, an online catalog that compiles and annotates all candidate regions under selection to facilitate their validation and thoroughly analysis. Well-known examples of human genetic adaptation published elsewhere are included in the catalog, as well as hundreds of other attractive candidates that will require further investigation. Designed as a collaborative database, PopHumanScan aims to become a central repository to share information, guide future studies and help advance our understanding of how selection has modeled our genomes as a response to changes in the environment or lifestyle of human populations. PopHumanScan is open and freely available at https://pophumanscan.uab.cat

Cultural competency of health-care providers in a Swiss University Hospital: self-assessed cross-cultural skillfulness in a cross-sectional study

Background: As the diversity of the European population evolves, measuring providers’ skillfulness in cross-cultural care and understanding what contextual factors may influence this is increasingly necessary. Given limited information about differences in cultural competency by provider role, we compared cross-cultural skillfulness between physicians and nurses working at a Swiss university hospital. Methods: A survey on cross-cultural care was mailed in November 2010 to front-line providers in Lausanne, Switzerland. This questionnaire included some questions from the previously validated Cross-Cultural Care Survey. We compared physicians’ and nurses’ mean composite scores and proportion of “3-good/4-very good” responses, for nine perceived skillfulness items (4-point Likert-scale) using the validated tool. We used linear regression to examine how provider role (physician vs. nurse) was associated with composite skillfulness scores, adjusting for demographics (gender, non-French dominant language), workplace (time at institution, work-unit “sensitized” to cultural-care), reported cultural-competence training, and cross-cultural care problem-awareness. Results: Of 885 questionnaires, 368 (41.2%) returned the survey: 124 (33.6%) physicians and 244 (66.4%) nurses, reflecting institutional distribution of providers. Physicians had better mean composite scores for perceived skillfulness than nurses (2.7 vs. 2.5, p < 0.005), and significantly higher proportion of “good/very good” responses for 4/9 items. After adjusting for explanatory variables, physicians remained more likely to have higher skillfulness (β = 0.13, p = 0.05). Among all, higher skillfulness was associated with perception/awareness of problems in the following areas: inadequate cross-cultural training (β = 0.14, p = 0.01) and lack of practical experience caring for diverse populations (β = 0.11, p = 0.04). In stratified analyses among physicians alone, having French as a dominant language (β = −0.34, p < 0.005) was negatively correlated with skillfulness. Conclusions: Overall, there is much room for cultural competency improvement among providers. These results support the need for cross-cultural skills training with an inter-professional focus on nurses, education that attunes provider awareness to the local issues in cross-cultural care, and increased diversity efforts in the work force, particularly among physicians

A cross-linguistic examination of young children’s everyday language experiences

We present an exploratory cross-linguistic analysis of the quantity of target-child-directed speech and adult-directed speech in North American English (US & Canadian), United Kingdom English, Argentinian Spanish, Tseltal (Tenejapa, Mayan), and Yélî Dnye (Rossel Island, Papuan), using annotations from 69 children aged 2–36 months. Using a novel methodological approach, our cross-linguistic and cross-cultural findings support prior work suggesting that target-child-directed speech quantities are stable across early development, while adult-directed speech decreases. A preponderance of speech from women was found to a similar degree across groups, with less target-child-directed speech from men and children in the North American samples than elsewhere. Consistently across groups, children also heard more adult-directed than target-child-directed speech. Finally, the numbers of talkers present in any given clip strongly impacted children’s moment-to-moment input quantities. These findings illustrate how the structure of home life impacts patterns of early language exposure across diverse developmental contexts

Screening primary-care patients forgoing health care for economic reasons

BACKGROUND: Growing social inequities have made it important for general practitioners to verify if patients can afford treatment and procedures. Incorporating social conditions into clinical decision-making allows general practitioners to address mismatches between patients' health-care needs and financial resources. OBJECTIVES: Identify a screening question to, indirectly, rule out patients' social risk of forgoing health care for economic reasons, and estimate prevalence of forgoing health care and the influence of physicians' attitudes toward deprivation. DESIGN: Multicenter cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven general practitioners working in the French-speaking part of Switzerland enrolled a random sample of patients attending their private practices. MAIN MEASURES: Patients who had forgone health care were defined as those reporting a household member (including themselves) having forgone treatment for economic reasons during the previous 12 months, through a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were also asked about education and income levels, self-perceived social position, and deprivation levels. KEY RESULTS: Overall, 2,026 patients were included in the analysis; 10.7% (CI95% 9.4-12.1) reported a member of their household to have forgone health care during the 12 previous months. The question "Did you have difficulties paying your household bills during the last 12 months" performed better in identifying patients at risk of forgoing health care than a combination of four objective measures of socio-economic status (gender, age, education level, and income) (R(2) = 0.184 vs. 0.083). This question effectively ruled out that patients had forgone health care, with a negative predictive value of 96%. Furthermore, for physicians who felt powerless in the face of deprivation, we observed an increase in the odds of patients forgoing health care of 1.5 times. CONCLUSION: General practitioners should systematically evaluate the socio-economic status of their patients. Asking patients whether they experience any difficulties in paying their bills is an effective means of identifying patients who might forgo health care