The role and uses of antibodies in COVID-19 infections: a living review

Coronavirus disease 2019 has generated a rapidly evolving field of research, with the global scientific community striving for solutions to the current pandemic. Characterizing humoral responses towards SARS-CoV-2, as well as closely related strains, will help determine whether antibodies are central to infection control, and aid the design of therapeutics and vaccine candidates. This review outlines the major aspects of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody research to date, with a focus on the various prophylactic and therapeutic uses of antibodies to alleviate disease in addition to the potential of cross-reactive therapies and the implications of long-term immunity

A preoperational scheme for calculating sea surface height by Bernoulli inverse of Argo float data in the North Atlantic

A preoperational scheme has been implemented to calculate sea surface height fields at 7-day intervals over the North Atlantic. Input data from Argo floats is downloaded and processed in near–real time. The solution method is by Bernoulli inverse. Early results are encouraging. Features of the results are compared with both model and satellite data and show good agreement

Modelling the response of tides in an estuary to the optimised operation of a tidal power plant

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:D56707/85 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

On the circulation of water masses across the Mascarene Plateau in the South Indian Ocean

The South Equatorial Current (SEC) is the major westward current in the South Indian Ocean. It crosses the Mascarene Plateau, an extensive range of banks and islands, near 60°E, but how this occurs has until now been unclear. Here, we present the results of a recent survey during June–July 2002 using a suite of modern instrumentation, and provide a detailed examination of this process, and the water masses involved. Upstream from the Plateau the SEC carries 50–55 Sv (1 Sv=106 m3/s) westwards between 10 and 16°S. As it approaches the Plateau, 25 Sv of this is constricted to pass over a narrow sill (about which we provide new information) between the Saya De Malha and Nazareth Banks at 12–13° S. This then forms a northern core to the SEC between 10 and 14°S downstream from the Plateau (25 Sv). The remainder of the inflow passes either around the northern edge of the Saya De Malha Bank (8–9°S) or between Mauritius and the Cargados Carajos Bank (18–20°S). The former may retroflect to flow eastwards near 8°S, joining the South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC), whereas the latter, strengthened near Mauritius by further flows from the south, forms a southern core to the SEC downstream from the Plateau (20–25 Sv between 17 and 20°S). The overall effect of the Plateau is to split the SEC into two cores. On reaching Madagascar, these cores may then form the Northeast and Southeast Madagascar Currents. The SEC also forms a sharp boundary between upper and intermediate level water masses. Subtropical Surface Water (STSW), Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are present on the southern side of the SEC, whereas Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW) and Red Sea Water (RSW) are found on its northern side. As they approach the Plateau, the STSW and SAMW are partially drawn northwards, and Tropical Surface Water (TSW) is drawn southwards, in order to flow across the sill near 12–13°S. At deeper levels, North Indian Deep Water (NIDW) passes southwards below the SEC on the western side of the Plateau, and while there is no indication of North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is present west of the Plateau. Finally, there is evidence of significant mixing in the upper and intermediate waters (the TSW, STSW, SAMW and RSW) as they pass across the sill at 12–13°S, and also in the deeper waters on the eastern side of the Plateau above the rough bottom topography of the Central Indian Ridge

Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage

The baroclinic transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) above 3000 m through Drake Passage is 107.3 ± 10.4 Sv and has been steady between 1975 and 2000. For six hydrographic sections (1993–2000) along the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) line SR1b, the baroclinic transport relative to the deepest common level is 136.7 ± 7.8 Sv. The ACC transport is carried in two jets, the Subantarctic Front 53 ± 10 Sv and the Polar Front (PF) 57.5 ± 5.7 Sv. Southward of the ACC the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports 9.3 ± 2.4 Sv. We observe the PF at two latitudes separated by 90 km. This bimodal distribution is related to changes in the circulation and properties of Antarctic Bottom Water. Three realizations of the instantaneous velocity field were obtained with lowered ADCPs. From these observations we obtain near-bottom reference velocities for transport calculations. Net transport due to these reference velocities ranges from -28 to 43 Sv, consistent with previous estimates of variability. The transport in density layers shows systematic variations due to seasonal heating in near-surface layers. Volume transport-weighted mean temperatures vary by 0.40°C from spring to summer; a seasonal variation in heat flux of about 0.22 PW. Finally, we review a series of papers from the International Southern Ocean Studies Program. The average yearlong absolute transport is 134 Sv, and the standard deviation of the average is 11.2 Sv; the error of the average transport is 15 to 27 Sv. We emphasize that baroclinic variability is an important contribution to net variability in the ACC