L’art et la violence : quels frayages ? Réflexions inspirées d’un projet pilote en prévention de la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes

La montée de diverses formes de radicalisation violente interpelle à la fois les champs politique et psychosocial. Différents programmes de prévention voient le jour, lesquels s’inspirent notamment des facteurs de risque et de protection face à la radicalisation violente que la littérature sur le sujet identifie. Cet article se penche sur ces facteurs pour ensuite interroger l’éventuelle pertinence d’approches centrées sur l’art dans la prévention de la radicalisation violente. Pour ce faire, les questions soulevées par un projet pilote mené auprès de jeunes attirés par la radicalisation violente et misant sur leur engagement dans des activités artistiques servent d’amorce à la réflexion. Celle-ci mettra en lumière certains enjeux entourant le recours à l’art comme voie d’expression alternative à la violence, en s’attardant notamment aux conditions dans lesquelles ce recours peut être signifiant.The rise of various forms of violent radicalization challenges both the political and psychosocial realms. In response, various prevention programs are being developed, notably based on risk and protective factors identified in the literature on violent radicalization. This article examines these factors and questions the possible relevance of art-centered approaches in preventing violent radicalization. Questions raised by a recent pilot project carried out with young people attracted by violent radicalization and monitoring their engagement in artistic activities served as a starting point for reflection. This work will highlight certain issues surrounding the use of art as an alternative outlet to violence by focusing particularly on the conditions under which this recourse can be meaningful

The Modulating Role of Self-Referential Stimuli and Processes in the Effect of Stress and Negative Emotion on Inhibition Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: Proposition of a Model to Integrate the Self-Concept and Inhibition Processes

Impulsivity is an important clinical and diagnostic feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Even though it has been reported that BPD individuals’ inhibition performance is significantly reduced in the context of negative emotion or stress, this literature shows mixed results, raising questions about the possible role played by other factors. Winter (2016) proposed that negative emotion stimuli can be more disruptive for BPD individuals’ attention control performance because they induce higher distractibility self-referential processes. This article aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effect of stress and negative emotions on three main inhibition processes—prepotent response inhibition, resistance to distractor interference, and resistance to proactive interference—in BPD and to verify the putative modulating role of self-referential stimuli and processes on these inhibition processes. All English and French experimental studies published until August 2018 were searched in PsychINFO and PubMED databases. The following keywords were used: “borderline* AND inhibit* OR interference* OR forget* OR task* AND emotion* OR stress* OR affect*„. A total of 1215 articles were included in the study. After full text revision, twenty-six papers were selected for review. The results of this review indicate that when stimuli or procedures involve self-reference stimuli or processes, BPD individuals’ performance seems to be more disrupted in all three inhibition processes. A model based on Winter’s and Kernberg’s models is proposed with the aim of integrating the self-concept with inhibition processes in BPD