Evaluation of a surface energy balance method based on optical and thermal satellite imagery to estimate root-zone soil moisture

2014 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Various remote-sensing methods are available to estimate soil moisture, but few address the fine spatial resolutions (e.g., 30 m grid cells) and root-zone depth requirements of agricultural and other similar applications. One approach that has been previously proposed to estimate fine-resolution soil moisture is to first estimate the evaporative fraction from an energy balance that is inferred from optical and thermal remote-sensing images (e.g., using the ReSET algorithm) and then estimate soil moisture through an empirical relationship to evaporative fraction. A similar approach has also been proposed to estimate the degree of saturation. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate these methods for estimating soil moisture and degree of saturation, particularly for a semiarid grassland with relatively dry conditions. Soil moisture was monitored at twenty-eight field locations in southeastern Colorado with herbaceous vegetation during the summer months of three years. In-situ soil moisture and degree of saturation observations are compared with estimates calculated from Landsat imagery using the ReSET algorithm. The in-situ observations suggest that the empirical relationships with evaporative fraction that have been proposed in previous studies typically provide overestimates of soil moisture and degree of saturation in this region. However, calibrated functions produce estimates with an accuracy that may be adequate for various applications. The estimates produced by this approach are more reliable for degree of saturation than for soil moisture, and the method is more successful at identifying temporal variability than spatial variability in degree of saturation for this region

Anti-tumour and anti-metastatic activity of 3-(P-Chlorophenyl)-2,3-Dihydro-3-Hydroxythiazolo (3,2-A)-Benzimidazole-2-acetic acid (WY-13,876).

Extensive investigation of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxythiazolo(3,2-alpha)-benzimidazole-2-acetic acid (Wy-13,876) in BDF1 mice implanted with Lewis lung tumour has shown that it is an effective anti-tumour and anti-metastatic agent. In vitro examination using HEp-2 human epidermal tumour cells has indicated that Wy-13,876 is not cytotoxic. When mice implanted with Lewis lung tumour and treated with Wy-13,876 are also injected with anti-thymocyte serum, an increase in lung metastases is observed suggesting that thymocyte activity is involved in the drug's mechanism of action. An increase in peripheral T lymphocytes observed in rats 18 h after a single oral dose of Wy-13,876 further supports this possibility. When Wy-13,876 is given to tumour -bearing mice in combination with low, ineffective doses of 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, further reduction of primary tumour growth is observed

The significance of the male display during male-male interactions in guppies (\u3ci\u3ePoecilia reticulata\u3c/i\u3e)

Guppies, Poecilia reticulata, are a model species for studies of female preference based on male courtship displays; however, males also display to each other in an aggressive context, and little attention has been paid to the role of male-male displays. The display involves a male positioning his body in front or to the side of another male, arching his body, and quivering with his dorsal fin splayed. To understand what behaviors elicit a male display, we assigned individual males a dominance status. We then examined the relationship between dominance status and the number of displays delivered and received. By knowing the status of a displaying individual, we can better understand whether the display is given more often by dominant or subordinate individuals. Our results showed no significant correlation between dominance status and display rate; however, we found a significant relationship between the number of displays received and the number of displays delivered. Additionally, we found that a display is most often followed by aggression (nips and chases) by the other male rather than aggression by the focal male. Our results suggest that the display is a subtle form of aggression that escalates agonistic interactions. It also may serve to convey information about male quality (e.g. by displaying color patterns) and aggressive intent

British policy during the World War with regard to interference with neutral mails

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Henry Vaughan And Daniel Von Czepko: A Study In Spiritual And Cultural Affinities.

Ph.D.LiteratureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/186476/2/7115249.pd

Ueber den Gebrauch des Beiwortes in Heines Gedichten /

Cover title.(Thesis) Ph.D.--University of Illinois, 1908.Mode of access: Internet