Influence of the suckling on the reproductive and productive performance of Zebu cows

Avaliou-se o efeito da amamentação na eficiência reprodutiva e produtiva de vacas Zebus (77 vacas Gir e 72 vacas Guzerá), nos tratamentos: Tradicional e Experimental. As médias de intervalo entre parto ao primeiro estro (IPPE), período de serviço, peso da vaca à fecundação (PVF), peso da cria ao desmame (PCD), período de lactação e produção de leite foram 133 dias, 145 dias, 387,2 kg, 164,9 kg, 282 dias e 2.202 kg (rebanho Gir) e 92 dias, 122 dias, 423,2 kg, 184,2 kg, 273 dias e 2.314 kg (rebanho Guzerá). A amamentação não influenciou na eficiência reprodutiva e produtiva do rebanho Gir, porém teve influência no IPPE, período de lactação e produção de leite do rebanho Guzerá. A estação do ano influenciou no IPPE, período de serviço e PCD, e ano de nascimento sobre PCD e período de lactação, no rebanho Gir, mas não influenciaram nas características estudadas no rebanho Guzerá. Ordem de parto influenciou no PVF e na produção de leite de vacas Gir e no IPPE e no período de serviço de vacas Guzerá.The effect of the suckling in reproductive and productive efficiency of Zebu cows, (77 Gyr cows and 72 Guzera cows) was evaluated in the treatments: Experimental and Traditional. The average of interval to first post-partum service (IPPE), service period, cow weight at fertilization (PVF), weaning weight (PCD), lactation length and milk yield were 133 days, 145 days, 387.2 kg, 164.9 kg, 282 days and 2,202 kg (Gyr herd) 92 days, 122 days, 423.2 kg, 184.2 kg, 273 days and 2,314 kg (Guzera herd). The reproductive and productive performance of Gyr herd were not affected by suckling; however, the suckling had significative influence on IPPE, lactation length and milk yield of Guzera herd. Season of the year showed a significant effect on IPPE, on the service period and PCD, and birth year on PCD and lactation length, in Gyr herd, but it dit not influence on the characteristics studied in Guzera herd. The PVF and milk yield of Gyr cows as well as the IPPE and lactation length, of Guzera cows were influenced significantly by the parturition order

Correlation between birth weight, age and weight at beginning of rumination in Zebus

Estudaram-se correlações entre peso ao nascer, idade e peso ao inicio da ruminação em 75 bezerros da raça Gir e 72 da raça Guzerá, nascidos entre 1985 e 1986 e criados em regime de semi-estabulação. Os dados foram analisados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, de acordo com um modelo incluindo as seguinte fontes de variação: sexo do bezerro, ano e época do nascimento. As médias observadas de peso ao nascer, idade e peso ao inicio da ruminação foram 31,76 ± 0,51 kg, 27,67 ± 1,10 dias e 44,55 ± 0,79 kg para a raça Guzerá, respectivamente. Na mesma ordem foram 24,68 ± 0,32 kg; 25,69 ± 0,57 dias e 38,28 ± 0,82 kg para a raça Gir. A análise de variância revelou efeitos significativos (P < 0,05) de ano de nascimento sobre peso ao nascer dos bezerros das raças Gir e Guzerá, e de sexo do bezerro nesta última raça. Os resultados mostraram que peso ao nascer e peso ao início da ruminação se correlacionaram positiva e significativamente (P < 0,05), o mesmo não acontecendo entre peso ao nascer e idade em que os bezerros começaram a ruminar, indicando que o inicio cronológico da ruminação em bezerros zebus se deve mais à influência de outros fatores e não a peso ao nascer.Correlations between birth weight, age and weight at beginning of rumination were studied in 75 Gyr and 72 Guzerat calves that were born in 1985 and 1986, reared in a semi-intensive regime. Data were analysed by breed, using, the least squares methodology. The matematical model included the effects of sex, year and season of birth. The average of birth weight, age and weight at the beginning rumination were 31.76 + 0.51 kg, 27.67 + 1.10 days and 44.55 ± 0.79 kg for Guzerat breed, respectively. For the Gyr, the data were 24.68 ± 0.32 kg, 25.69 ± 0.57 days and 39.28 ± 0.82 kg, respectively. The analysis of variance showed significant effects (P < 0.05) of year of birth on the birth weight of Gyr and Guzerat calves, and of sex of calf in that last breed. The results showed a significant positive correlation between birth weight and weight at the beginning of rumination. However, it was shown that there is no significant correlation between birth weight and age. at the beginning of rumination, indicating that the age at the beginning of rumination of zebu salves is influenced by other factors than birth weight

Intervalo entre partos e período de serviço de vacas Guzerá

The influence of environmental Factors of the calving interval (CI) and the service period (SP) or 280 observations of Guzerat milk cows, from the second to sixth calving order, in two calving season ( rainy – March to August and dry – September to February), from 1988 to 1998 to was studied. The averages and standard deviations of the CI and SP were of 14.72 ± 2.43 months and 150.81 ± 73.29 days, respectively. The calving season did not influence the characteristics studied. The calving year and sex of the calf did not affect the CI, but influenced the SP. Smaller intervals occurred between calving and service periods approximately, in cows of the fourth to fifth calving order.Avaliou-se a influência de fatores de meio ambiente sobre o intervalo entre partos (IEP) e período de serviço (PS) de 280 observações de vacas Guzerá leiteiras, da segunda a sexta ordem de parto, em duas estações do ano (chuvosa - março a agosto e seca – setembro a fevereiro), de 1988 a 1998. As médias e os desvios-padrão de IEP e PS foram de 14,72 ± 2,43 meses e 150,81 ± 73,29 dias, respectivamente. A época do parto não exerceu influência sobre as características estudadas. O ano do parto e o sexo da cria não apresentaram efeitos significativos sobre IPE, mas influenciaram o PS. Menores intervalos entre partos e período de serviço ocorreram, aproximadamente, em vacas da quarta a quinta ordem de parição.Se evaluó la influencia de factores de medio ambiente sobre el intervalo entre partos (IEP) y periodo de servicio (PS) de 280 observaciones de vacas Guzerá lecheras, de la segunda la sexta orden de parto, en dos estaciones del año (lluviosa - marzo a agosto y sequía – septiembre a febrero), de 1988 la 1998. Las medias y los desvíos-patrón de IEP y PS fueron de 14,72 ± 2,43 meses y 150,81 ± 73,29 días, respectivamente. La época del parto no ejerció influencia sobre las características estudiadas. El año del parto y el sexo de la crea no presentaron efectos significativos sobre IPE, pero influenciaron el PS. Menores intervalos entre partos y periodo de servicio ocurrieron, aproximadamente, en vacas de la cuarta la quinta orden de parição

Desempenho produtivo leiteiro de vacas Guzerá

The environmental factors on the milk production (MP) and lactation length (DLL) of 7.859 observations Guzerat milk cows, from the first to the sixth calving order were studied in two seasons (rain-March to August, and dry- September to February), from 1984 to 1996. The averages and standard deviations of MP and DLL were 8.60 ± 2.82 Kg and 290.64 ± 34.17 days, respectively. Year and order of calving had a significant influence on the characteristics evaluated, contrary to the calving season. The cows at fifth calving presented milk yield than the others, 9.14 ± 3.08 Kg, and a sharter lactation length of 282.96 ± 30.42 days.Avaliaram-se fatores de meio sobre a produção de leite (PL) e a duração do período de lactação (DPL) de 7.859 observações de vacas Guzerá Leiteiras, da primeira a sexta ordem de parição, nas estações chuvosa (março a agosto) e seca (setembro a fevereiro), no período de 1984 a 1996. As médias e os desvios-padrão da PL e DPL foram de 8,60 ± 2,82 Kg e 290,64 ± 34,17 dias, respectivamente. Ano e ordem do parto exerceram influência nas características avaliadas, ao contrário da estação de parição. As vacas de quinta parição apresentaram maiores produções de leite (em média 9,14 ± 3,08 Kg) e menor duração do período de lactação (282,96 ± 30,42 dias).Se evaluaron los factores de medio ambiente sobre la producción de leche (PL) y la duración de la lactancia (DPL) de 7859 observaciones de las vacas lecheras Guzerá del primero al sexto orden de nacimiento en las estaciones lluviosas (marzo a agosto) y estación seca (septiembre-febrero) en el período 1984 a 1996. Los medios y las desviaciones estándar de la PL y DPL fueron 8,60 ± 2,82 kg y 290,64 ± 34,17 días, respectivamente. Año de la orden de nacimiento y ejercen influencia en las características evaluadas, a diferencia de la estación de nacimiento. El quinto- parto de vacas presentaron mayor producción de leche (promedio 9,14 ± 3,08 kg) y menor duración de la lactancia (282,96 ± 30,42 días)

Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: intake, digestibility and microbial protein production

This experiment was carried to evaluate the effect of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay [EGH], corn straw [CS], hay of cassava shoots [HCS], fresh sugarcane bagasse [FSB], and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse [HSB]) on intake, apparent digestibility and macrobiotic protein production of cows. Five cows with 265 kg average body weight, 4.95 kg average daily milk yield and 5.22 kg 4% fat-corrected milk yield were randomly allocated to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals fed cactus associated with CS, EGH and HCS showed higher intake of DM and nutrients. However, regarding the digestibility, diets with sugarcane bagasse showed higher digestibility compared with those with CS and hay. For microbial protein, the excretion of purine derivatives, synthesis of microbial N and microbial protein production were higher in the treatment with CS than in the treatment with sugarcane bagasse. On the other hand, the treatment with EGH and HCS did not have statistical differences compared with the other cases. The mean efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of the experiment was 131 g microbial crude protein/kg of TDN. The treatment with CS showed better efficiency; however, it was statistically superior only compared with FSB. The other treatments did not show statistical difference compared with the other cases. Diets with cactus associated with corn straw, hay of elephant grass or hay of cassava shoots provide higher intake of dry matter and nutrients and better metabolic response compared with diets with cactus associated with sugarcane bagasse for lactating Sindhi cows

Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: production and composition of milk and ingestive behavior

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay - EGH; corn straw - CS, hay of cassava shoots - HCS; fresh sugarcane bagasse - FSB; and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse - HSB) on the milk yield and composition and the feeding behavior of lactating Sindhi cows. Five cows with average body weight, average daily milk yield, and average daily 4%-fat-corrected milk yield of 265, 4.95 and 5.22 kg, respectively, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The effect of experimental diets on milk yield and composition, feeding time (FT), rumination time (RT), idle time, mean values of total chewing time (TCT), number of ruminal boli (NRB), number of rumination chews (NRC), and feed efficiency (FE) and rumination efficiency (RE) expressed as a function of DM and NDF were analyzed. Milk yield in kg/day and corrected to 4.0% fat from the animals that received cactus associated with CS were higher as compared with the treatment with hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse. The milk composition variables were not influenced by the treatments, and nor were FT, RT, TCT, NRB and NC. Two patterns were observed for FE and RE, with higher efficiency of the diets with EGH, CS and HCS and lower efficiency for diets containing sugarcane bagasse. In this context, Sindhi cows fed forage cactus associated with corn straw, elephant grass hay, and hay of cassava shoots present better performance, feeding efficiency, and rumination responses than those fed forage cactus associated with fresh sugarcane bagasse and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data