El vocabulari que marca el procés de reforma i aprovació del text de l'Estatut d'autonomia de Catalunya (2006)

L'any 2006, després d'un llarg iter parlamentari, s'aprova l'Estatut d'autonomia de Catalunya (EAC), que la Sentència 31/2010 del Tribunal Constitucional declara parcialment inconstitucional. Tot i que a Morales (2008) s'hi estudiaren les bases estatutàries elaborades pels partits, aquest article presenta l'estudi de les tres versions de l'EAC consensuades en seu parlamentària. Aquests textos presenten característiques discursives pròpies del discurs jurídic i del discurs polític, i s'inscriuen dins d'un gènere — el discurs normatiu— poc caracteritzat des de la lingüística catalana en els darrers temps. La metodologia emprada parteix de l'estadística textual. L'anàlisi lexicomètrica de Lexico3 ens ha permès identificar el vocabulari que canvia al llarg d'aquest procés. Així doncs, aquesta anàlisi discursiva, basada en criteris lexicomètrics, caracteritza el vocabulari utilitzat durant el procés de reforma de l'EAC 2006. En aquest article presentem les línies teòriques i metodològiques generals del nostre treball i caracteritzem els quatre tipus d'esmenes identificats.In 2006, after a drawn-out parliamentary process, the Autonomy Statute of Catalonia (ASC) was approved. The Spanish Constitutional Court Ruling 31/2010 would later declare it partly unconstitutional. Morales (2008) already examined the statutory frameworks drafted by the parliamentary groups and this paper now presents a study of the three versions of the ASC agreed on in the Catalan Parliament. These texts are marked by discursive characteristics typically found in legal and political discourse and belong to a genre – legislative discourse – which has remained under- researched in Catalan linguistics in recent years. Using textual statistics and a lexicometric analysis conducted with Lexico3, this study demonstrates how lexical choices shifted over the course of the process of drafting and approving the ASC of 2006. Based on lexicometric criteria and discursive analysis, this paper describes the vocabulary used in this process. It also puts forward the theoretical and methodological approaches used for this research and describes the four types of amendments identified

Internet como herramienta docente en Teoría y Filosofía del Derecho

This paper explains the outco9mes of the project "Developments of multimedia materials for Theory and Philosophy of Law's teaching". First of all, it is described the process of creation of Philodophy of Law's Web site, the reasons why the authors decided to carry it outland the difficulties to avoid. After that, the utilities of the Web site as teaching instrument are explained. Thrid, it is exposed the structure of the Web site, and it is briefly explained how to use it. Finally, it is given notice of the valuation of the experience.Este artículo expone los resultados de la puesta en práctica del Proyecto de Mejora de la Calidad Docente "Elaboración de materiales multimedia para la docencia de Teoría y Filosofía del Derecho", desarrollado en el marco de. En primer lugar, se describe el proceso de creación de la página Web del área de Filosofía del Derecho, las razones que lo propiciaron y las dificultades que hubo que sortear. En segundo lugar, se explican las utilidades de la página web como instrumento docente. En tercer lugar, se expone su estructura y se indica, brevemente, como navegar por ella. Finalmente el artículo recoge la valoración que de esta experiencia docente han realizado sus usuarios (los alumnos de Teoría y Fiolosofía del Derecho de la Universidad de Córdoba), y las conclusiones de los profesores responsables del proyecto, autores del artículo

GNUsmail: Open framework for on-line email classification

Real-time classification of massive email data is a challenging task that presents its own particular difficulties. Since email data presents an important temporal component, several problems arise: emails arrive continuously, and the criteria used to classify those emails can change, so the learning algorithms have to be able to deal with concept drift. Our problem is more general than spam detection, which has received much more attention in the literature. In this paper we present GNUsmail, an open-source extensible framework for email classification, which structure supports incremental and on-line learning. This framework enables the incorporation of algorithms developed by other researchers, such as those included in WEKA and MOA. We evaluate this framework, characterized by two overlapping phases (pre-processing and learning), using the ENRON dataset, and we compare the results achieved by WEKA and MOA algorithms

Permanent Magnetic Bearing for Spacecraft Applications

A permanent, totally passive magnetic bearing rig was designed, constructed, and tested. The suspension of the rotor was provided by two sets of radial permanent magnetic bearings operating in the repulsive mode. The axial support was provided by jewel bearings on both ends of the rotor. The rig was successfully operated to speeds of 5500 rpm using an air impeller. Radial and axial stiffnesses of the permanent magnetic bearings were experimentally measured and then compared to finite element results. The natural damping of the rotor was measured and a damping coefficient was calculated

Diagnóstico de las “fobias neológicas” en catalán y castellano

Diagnóstico de las “fobias neológicas” en catalán y castellan

La unión libre en Colombia: 1973-2005

Este artículo examina la evolución de la unión libre en Colombia entre 1973 y 2005 con el objetivo de trazar sus fronteras geográficas y sociales. La primera parte del estudio indaga sobre sus raíces históricas y evolución en ese país hasta bien entrada la segunda mitad del siglo xx. En la segunda parte se utilizan microdatos censales para documentar las tendencias actuales. Los resultados muestran un incremento generalizado de las uniones libres en todos los grupos educativos y territorios del país. Este aumento se presenta en un contexto de creciente reconocimiento legal que prácticamente equipara los derechos y obligaciones de los cohabitantes con los de los casados. La expansión de la unión libre no ha borrado algunos de sus rasgos característicos: su mayor frecuencia entre mujeres poco escolarizadas y su arraigo cultural y territorial; prueba de ello es la vigència de los complejos culturales identificados por Gutiérrez Pineda en los años sesenta.We examine the geographic and social boundaries of unmarried cohabitation in Colombia between 1973 and 2005. We begin by describing the historical roots and evolution of cohabitation through the second half of the 20th century. We then document the most recent trends in cohabitation using censos microdata. Results show a widespread increase in cohabitation in all educational groups and regions. This rise occured in a context of growing legal recognition that practically equates the rights and obligations of cohabitors with those of married people. The cohabitation boom maintains some of its historical features, such as high prevalence among less educated women, and its cultural and regional roots. These characteristics remain visible in the cultural and regional systems first identified by Gutiérrez Pineda in the 1960s

Statins and protein prenylation in cancer cell biology and therapy

El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.The use of statins has scaled up to become one of the most prescribed medicines in the world and have been very useful in the manegement of cardiovascular diseases and related mortality. The disclosure of their chemical structure similar to that of hydroxy methyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) revealed their ability to compete with and inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase that catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, which then serves as the precursor for isoprenoids and cholesterol in the mevalonate pathway. While most of the effects of statins are associated with the lowering of cellular cholesterol levels, it is clear that they also blunt the non-sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway, decreasing formation of isoprenoids and altering protein-prenylation, a critical event in the posttranslational modulation of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation and signaling pathways. Randomized controlled trials for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases indicated that statins elicited provocative and unexpected benefits for reducing a number of different types of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma, although in other cancer types the preclinical expectations of statins were dissapointing. In this review, we will describe the evidence and mechanisms underlying the potential beneficial use of statins and the role of protein prenylation in cancer prevention. Of relevance, the combination of statins with other anti cancer drugs may be a significant asset in malignancies resistant to current therapy. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers.The work was supported by CIBEREHD, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundació la Marató de TV3, PI11/03025 (META) and grants PI09/0056 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), SAF2009-11417, SAF2008-02199, SAF2011-23031 (Plan Nacional de I+D), Spain; and P50-AA-11999 (Research Center for Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, NIAAA/NIH).Peer Reviewe