THE USAGE OF INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY SETTINGS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES - DRAWING DESIRED DIGITAL IMAGES OF ONESELF

Social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook have created a new way for individuals to share personal data and interact with each other on the Internet. The disclosure of this personal data is directly tied to the existing relationships of individuals within an SNS. Individual privacy settings allow a selective disclosure of personal data to specific connected individuals. In this paper, we present first empirical insights of a grounded theory study, based on 37 qualitative interviews with Facebook users, which reveal factors that drive, or generally influence, the use of these individual privacy settings on SNS. By investigating this privacy protection behaviour towards connected individuals, so-called friends in Facebook\u27s terminology, we add new perspectives to existing theories of information privacy protection \u27individuals\u27 privacy protection behaviour in non-anonymous online environments. We have developed a conceptual model showing that the motivation to use individual privacy settings depends on a complex interplay between different factors. As important drivers, motives for using SNS, existing relationships and context of personal data disclosure have been identified. Building on those insights further allows development or improvement of general privacy controls for individuals interacting with each other on the Internet

Reference System Element Identification Atlas – methods and tools to identify references system elements in product engineering

Companies target innovations, successful new products. One major challenge is to increase efficiency and decrease the risk of developing new successful products. We want to reach these goals by improving the reusability of already existing knowledge elements extracted from e.g., already existing (sub-)systems or their documentation. These elements are called reference system elements and are meant to be the starting point for product development projects. Based on a systematic literature review complemented by an expert workshop and analysis of established methods and tools in product engineering, we developed the Reference System Elements Identification Atlas to support the identification of suiting reference system elements. Within the Reference System Elements Identification Atlas, we collected 30 methods and tools to identify reference system elements and allocated them to the various knowledge spaces they search. All 30 methods and tools were grouped in five clusters – creativity methods, data analysis methods, market/competition analysis methods, similarity methods, and trend analysis methods. We observed that methods and tools are hardly related to the identification of reference system elements in literature explicitly. We believe the Reference System Elements Identification Atlas provides valuable support to collect valuable reference system elements as the starting point in product engineering

Pränatale Entwicklung der IgE-Antwort unter Einfluss des mütterlichen Milieus, Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen, prospektiven Kohortenstudie

Allergische Erkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter. Ihre Inzidenz hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten dramatisch zugenommen. Die genauen Entstehungsmechanismen sind noch immer nicht geklärt. Die aktuelle Diskussion über diese Entstehungsmechanismen beschäftigt sich zunehmend mit der Entstehung von Allergien in utero. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte folgende Fragestellungen: (1) Können allergen-spezifische IgE-Antikörper als Hinweis auf eine intrauterine Sensibilisierung in Nabelschnurblut nachgewiesen werden? (2) Besteht eine Korrelation zwischen maternalen und paternalen mit neonatalen IgE-Profilen Im Rahmen der PASTURE Studie wurden insgesamt 933 Nabelschnurblutproben auf allergen-spezifische IgE-AK untersucht. 24% der untersuchten Proben waren IgE-positiv. Weiter konnte eine Korrelationzischen mütterlichen und neonatalen IgE-AK gegen Hühnerei- udn Kuhmilchallergene nachgewiesen werden. Bereits intrauterin scheinen immunmodulatorische Mechanismen im Sinne einer allergischen Sensibilisierung stattzufinden. Mütter mit positiven allergenspezifischen IgE-AK scheinen die fetale Eigenproduktion von allergenspezifischen IgE-Antikörpern zu beeinflussen. Welche Bedeutung den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung manifester allergischer Erkrankungen zukommt, wird sich im Verlauf dieser prospektiven Studie herausstellen

Der Effekt des Katastrophisierens auf die Schmerzempfindung und den nozizeptiven Flexorreflex

Die vorliegende Studie wurde durchgeführt um den Einfluss des Katastrophisierens auf die spinale Nozizeption und die Schmerzempfindung zu untersuchen. Während der Reflexableitung wurden die Probanden dazu aufgefordert auf Kommando zu Katastrophisieren und zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten die Schmerzintensität der elektrischen Reize zu bewerten. Des Weiteren wurde der Effekt des Katastrophisierens auf das Ausmaß der zeitlichen Summation des NFRs bzw. der Schmerzempfindung untersucht. Bei den basalen Messungen konnte während des Katastrophisierens ein Anstieg der NFR-Flächen und der Schmerzintensitätsbewertungen verzeichnet werden. Das selbstinduzierte Katastrophisieren veränderte das Ausmaß der zeitlichen Summation nicht, weder im Hinblick auf die Bewertung der Schmerzintensität noch bei den NFR-Flächen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie legen nahe, dass Katastrophisieren die Schmerzwahrnehmung zumindest teilweise durch Beeinflussung der absteigenden Schmerzhemmung beeinflusst

Joint-preserving Surgery Improves Pain, Range of Motion, and Abductor Strength After Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Background: Patients after Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) often develop pain, impaired ROM, abductor weakness, and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in early adulthood. Based on intraoperative observations during surgical hip dislocation, we established an algorithm for more detailed characterization of the underlying pathomorphologies with a proposed joint-preserving surgical treatment. Questions/purposes: We asked if patients after LCPD treated with our algorithm experienced (1) reduced pain; (2) improved hip function; and/or (3) prevention of OA progression; we then determined (4) the intraoperative damage patterns; (5) the survival of the hip; and (6) factors predicting the need for a conversion to THA; radiographic progression of OA; a Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score below 15 at last followup; and/or the need for revision surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients after LCPD who underwent joint-preserving surgery (40 surgical hip dislocations, eight acetabular osteotomies, four combined procedures, and one intertrochanteric osteotomy). We obtained Merle d'Aubigné-Postel scores to assess pain; OA was assessed using Tönnis grades. Survival and predictive factors were calculated with the univariate Cox regression. Fifty of the 53 patients were evaluated at a minimum of 5.1years (mean, 8.2years; range, 5.1-12.8years). Results: Pain and hip function improved at followup from a median of 4 points to 5 points. The mean increase in Tönnis grades at last followup was 0.3 to 0.8. The survival of surgery at 5years was 86%; 13 factors related to survival. Conclusion: Patients with symptoms resulting from pathomorphologic deformities after LCPD benefit from joint-preserving surgery with specific treatment of individual structural abnormalities. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidenc

Challenges in Reference System Management – Descriptive Model of Barriers using Research Results as Reference System Elements in Corporate Product Engineering

When engineering new products and systems, engineers take reference to already existing (socio-)technical systems or sub-systems to reduce development time and risk. These references can originate from e.g., previous products, competitors, nature, or research. Consolidated and linked to each other in a reference system, these references form the basis and starting point of the development as reference system elements. Especially research is a rich and potent source for reference system elements regarding knowledge and technologies on the edge in all disciplines. Using this source is a non-trivial process. Thus, it can often be neglected by many companies. The goal of this publication is the exploration of barriers and challenges arising when engineers want to use research results as reference system elements in corporate product engineering. Based on semi-structured interviews with experts from nine different companies, here we present a descriptive model that explains and sets barriers and challenges in context with different types of research results as well as the methods and approaches to gather them. E.g., the results show that often the lack of a description of the possible applications of research results is a barrier to perceiving their value. We anticipate our model to be a starting point for further research to improve the applicability of research results as reference system elements in corporate product engineering. Therefore, we intend to develop recommendations and guidelines for product engineers and researchers respectively to overcome the barriers and improve the representation of research results

A Geometric Embedding Approach to Multiple Games and Multiple Populations

This paper studies a meta-simplex concept and geometric embedding framework for multi-population replicator dynamics. Central results are two embedding theorems which constitute a formal reduction of multi-population replicator dynamics to single-population ones. In conjunction with a robust mathematical formalism, this provides a toolset for analyzing complex multi-population models. Our framework provides a unifying perspective on different population dynamics in the literature which in particular enables to establish a formal link between multi-population and multi-game dynamics