A PulsaÇÃo Sob A Letra: Pela Quebra De Um SilÊncio HistÓrico No Estudo Do Som De Fala

This paper analyses the ideologies underlying western thinking on speech in terms of the metaphorical use of two notions: the alphabet and the machine. It is argued that a subtle cooperation between these two metaphors underlies not only scientific but also technological work on speech – and, indirectly, language. Such ideologies are so deeply rooted in academic practice that attempts at solving the mind-body problem that do not incorporate them tend to be relegated to silence. This silence is shown to serve the same interests as other, more violent, ways of denying the inherent dignity of the human body. The historical status of current phonetic theories related to psychological theories that reject such metaphors is discussed in this light.42

Restrições gradientes sobre relações entre vogais pré-tônicas e tônicas no léxico do português brasileiro

This paper contends that the two competing "rules" that the literature on Portuguese morphophonology has claimed to apply to the verb paradigm, namely, vowel height harmony and vowel lowering, are, in fact, phonotactic restrictions that apply, in a categorical fashion, to the inflected verb stem and, in a gradient fashion, to the non-inflected verb stem. At least in Brazilian Portuguese, the non-inflected verb stem is consistent with the inflected verb stem in that lowering predominates in both in the first conjugation and harmony predominates in both in the second and third conjugation. Lowering is in turn consistent with other versions of OCP which cut across all grammatical categories. The findings are interpreted in light of Acoustic-Articulatory Phonology (Albano 2001), which predicts, on grounds of facilitation of decoding of acoustic-to-articulatory relations, that stress tends to attract low vowels except where vowel quality is otherwise predictable

ACERTOS GRADIENTES NOS CHAMADOS ERROS DE PRONÚNCIA

A proposta deste artigo é discutir o papel dos acertos gradientes no processo de estabelecimento de contrastes fônicos em crianças com os chamados “erros” de pronúncia, falantes do Português Brasileiro. As investigações pautaram-se principalmente pela análise acústica, à luz da Fonologia Acústico-Articulatória. os resultados compreendem um estudo transversal – com foco nas fricativas coronais desvozeadas – e dois estudos longitudinais – um com foco nos róticos e outro com foco nas obstruintes coronais desvozeadas. Ante a constatação de que os acertos gradientes permeiam a aquisição de contrastes fônicos muito mais do que se costuma imaginar, as implicações clínicas desses achados são debatidas

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

RESTRIÇÕES GRADIENTES SOBRE RELAÇÕES ENTRE VOGAIS PRÉ-TÔNICAS E TÔNICAS NO LÉXICO DO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

This paper contends that the two competing "rules" that the literature on Portuguese morphophonology has claimed to apply to the verb paradigm, namely, vowel height harmony and vowel lowering, are, in fact, phonotactic restrictions that apply, in a categorical fashion, to the inflected verb stem and, in a gradient fashion, to the non-inflected verb stem. At least in Brazilian Portuguese, the non-inflected verb stem is consistent with the inflected verb stem in that lowering predominates in both in the first conjugation and harmony predominates in both in the second and third conjugation. Lowering is in turn consistent with other versions of OCP which cut across all grammatical categories. The findings are interpreted in light ofAcoustic-Articulatory Phonology (Albano 2001), which predicts, on grounds of facilitation of decoding of acoustic-to-articulatory relations, that stress tends to attract low vowels except where vowel quality is otherwise predictable

Representações dinâmicas e distribuídas: indícios do português brasileiro adulto e infantil

This paper argues for dynamic distributed representations of phonological units and categories on the basis of analyses of the following sets of Brazilian Portuguese data: phonotactic biases in the adult lexicon, phonotactic biases in a child acquiring the liquid class, and covert phonological distinctions in a group of children diagnosed as phonologically impaired. Together, the three data sets support the emergence of abstract phonological categories from lexical phone frequencies as a result of the interaction between articulatory dynamics and phonotactics. The fact that most phonological information is neither punctual nor local has important implications for language acquisition, a number of which are discussed throughout the paper. Palavras-chave: léxico, dinâmica, fonologia, aquisição, fonotaxe