Análisis de la producción científica en Brasil sobre dificultades de aprendizaje: una revisión bibliométrica

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the available scientific literature on learning disabilities (LD) in Brazil, and to identify theoretical and methodological gaps arising from the lack of a universal definition of the problem that is due to a confusion and generalization of LD in this country. A systematic review was conducted using articles published nationally between 2001 and 2011 in the databases SciELO, Lilacs and VHL Adolec Brazil, according to the year of publication, study design, participants and subject area or topic. Initially, results were found in 2187, but only 167 articles were analysed in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The highest number of publications was seen in the year 2009, with a total of 23. The methodology used most often was descriptive and correlational (43 studies). In 141 articles the survey participants were students, and the subject area represented was more related to reading and writing (27 studies). This work has contributed to presenting a national overview on the study of learning difficulties in relation to the interest criteria mentioned

Learning disabilities in higher education: a challenge for the university

El número de estudiantes con Dificultades del Aprendizaje que accede a entornos universitarios está aumentando, lo que pone en relieve la importancia de realizar adaptaciones que se correspondan con las necesidades de este nuevo alumnado. Con el objetivo de analizar las barreras percibidas por estos estudiantes, se realiza una revisión sistemática a través de la base de datos Web of Science, sin restricción de fecha, utilizando un concepto amplio de dificultades de aprendizaje y combinado los siguientes descriptores: learning disabilities, highereducation, university, barriers. Se seleccionan, examinan y comparan un total de 23 artículos. Del análisis realizado se desprende que, si bien se están realizando esfuerzos por elaborar adaptaciones de calidad que se correspondan con las demandas de los estudiantes con Dificultades del Aprendizaje, las barreras aún parecen ser más numerosas que los sistemas de apoyo implantados. Las implicaciones a corto y largo plazo se analizan en la discusión.La Revista Publicaciones se edita en la Facultad y cuenta con los siguientes patrocinadores: Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deportes (Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla) Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Granada Facultad de Educación y Humanidades de Melill

Effects of Black Quinoa Wet-Milling Coproducts on the Quality Properties of Bologna-Type Sausages During Cold Storage

The incorporation of a new ingredient into foods could not only affect the intrinsic properties of the product but also its shelf life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the black quinoa (both as whole seeds and as the fibre-rich fraction obtained as coproduct from its wet-milling process) on the shelf life of Bologna-type sausages during cold storage. Three treatments of Bologna-type sausages were produced: control, sausages with black quinoa seeds (2.5%), and sausages with their fibre-rich fraction (2.5%). The effect of the black quinoa added on the physicochemical properties (pH and colour), lipid oxidation, residual nitrite level, and microbiological quality of Bolognas during 21 days of cold storage was evaluated. Although the addition of quinoa products in Bologna-type sausages modified some colour parameters (day 0), these differences were masked through the storage period. Sausages with quinoa products added showing lipid oxidation values lower than the control for all the days studied. Sausages with quinoa products added showed higher residual nitrite levels than control at all measurement times during the storage period. The addition of black quinoa did not affect microbial stability during storage. Black quinoa products can be considered promising ingredients to be used as antioxidants and natural nitrate sources in Bologna-type sausages without affecting their microbial safety during storag

Chia, Quinoa, and Their Coproducts as Potential Antioxidants for the Meat Industry

Chia and quinoa have gained popularity among consumers worldwide due to the wide variety of nutrients but also to the bioactive compounds that they contain. Lately, their processing has generated different coproducts (non-commercial grains, flour, partially deoiled flour, rich-fiber fraction, and oil, among others), which could be reincorporated to the food chain with important technological properties, antioxidant activity included. Both sets of ingredients have been revealed a great technological potential for meat product development and innovation, taking into account that oxidation is one of the main reactions responsible for their deterioration and shelf life reduction. This review focuses on the antioxidant compounds of chia and quinoa coproducts and on the strategies used to add them to meat products highlighting their effect on the lipid oxidation control. Apart from the different ways in which quinoa and chia can be incorporated into meat products and their antioxidant properties, innovative approaches for increasing this antioxidant effect and counteracting any negative alterations they may cause will be discussed

Remission of obesity and insulin resistance is not sufficient to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in visceral adipose tissue

Metabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most obesity and overnutrition-related pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction in visceral white adipose tissue, characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and an apparent global healthy phenotype, obesity triggered a cascade of events in visceral adipose tissue progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic alterations to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. In humans, weight loss after bariatric surgery showed a transcriptional signature in visceral adipose tissue similar to our mouse model of obesity reversion. Overall, our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in visceral adipose tissue

Efficacy of different 8 h time-restricted eating schedules on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health: A study protocol

Background and aims: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of three different 8 h time-restricted eating (TRE) schedules (i.e., early, late, and self-selected) compared to each other and to a usual-care (UC) intervention on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic health in men and women. Methods and results: Anticipated 208 adults (50% women) aged 30e60 years, with overweight/ obesity (25 BMI<40 kg/m2 ) and with mild metabolic impairments will be recruited for this parallel-group, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to one of four groups for 12 weeks: UC, early TRE, late TRE or self-selected TRE. The UC group will maintain their habitual eating window and receive, as well as the TRE groups, healthy lifestyle education for weight management. The early TRE group will start eating not later than 10:00, and the late TRE group not before 13:00. The self-selected TRE group will select an 8 h eating window before the intervention and maintain it over the intervention. The primary outcome is changes in VAT, whereas secondary outcomes include body composition and cardio metabolic risk factors. Conclusion: This study will determine whether the timing of the eating window during TRE im pacts its efficacy on VAT, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors and provide insights about its feasibilit

Autoeficacia en la autorregulación del aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios

One of the main challenges facing Universities today is to ensure that students acquire enough skills to take the learning process independiently. It is important to study the variables which can facilitate the development of a self-regulated learning in students of Higher Education to respond to this need. The principal aim of this study is to analyze  the  level of  perceived  self efficacy  in  the  use  of  self-regulated  learning strategies in university students and the relationship between this motivational variable, the use of these strategies and academic performance. Data have been collected from a sample of 562 fist-year students from twelve degrees of the University of Oviedo who have completed the Self-Regulated Learning Processes Inventory, a SelfEfficacy Inventory to use Self-regulated Learning Strategies and an academic and personal data questionnaire. Results suggest that higher level of self-efficacy to use self-regulated learning strategies the higher use of self-regulated learning strategies and the higher academic achievementUno de los principales retos a los que se enfrentan las universidades en la actualidad es lograr que los estudiantes adquieran competencias suficientes para asumir el proceso de aprendizaje de manera autónoma. Cobra así importancia el estudio de variables que puedan facilitar el desarrollo de un aprendizaje autorregulado en el alumnado de Educación Superior con el fin de dar respuesta a esta necesidad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de percepción de autoeficacia en el uso de las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios y la relación de esta variable motivacional con el uso de dichas estrategias y el rendimiento académico. Los datos se han analizado en base a una muestra de 562 alumnos y alumnas de primer año de doce titulaciones de la Universidad de Oviedo, que han respondido al Inventario de Procesos de Autorregulación del Aprendizaje (IPAA), a un Cuestionario de Autoeficacia para la Autorregulación del Aprendizaje y a un cuestionario de datos personales y académicos. Los resultados muestran que cuanto mayor es el nivel de autoeficacia en el uso de estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje, mayor es el uso de dichas estrategias y mayor el rendimiento académico de los alumno