Gender Wise Distribution of Income Using L-Moments Method

The main purpose of this work is to explore the income distribution of both male and female in Pakistan over the period of 2010-2011. For this purpose, the lognormal distribution with known parameters is used as a model and its unknown parameters are estimated by three methods that are likelihood, moments and L-moments. The results show that citizens of Pakistan are not equal in income and the probability plot suggested that the income of the male is greater than that of a female in Pakistan. Moreover, for small sample size, the best method of parameters estimation is the L-moments, while, for large sample size the best method is a maximum likelihood. Findings of the study suggest that suitable policy is required to maintain equality in income distribution in the country. It will consequently reduce the gap among rich and poor and will certainly improve social welfare

Structural, electronic and optical properties of defect chalcopyrite CdGa2S4 and HgGa2S4 compounds by first principles

The physical properties of defect chalcopyrite compounds are discussed here. Initial study are carried out under the framework of density functional theory by keeping in view the device manufacturing characteristics relating to structure, energy band configuration and bonding nature of the selected PbGa2S4 and HgGa2S4 defect chalcopyrite compounds. The computational work are executed using highly accurate full potential linearized-augmented plane wave + local orbital approach through the latest edition of Wien2k software. In a next step, the electronic properties of PbGa2S4 and HgGa2S4 defect chalcopyrite compounds are investigated. Precise band gap are calculated by employing GGA and LDA techniques. This work provided a comprehensive theoretical study of the physical properties with special emphasis on structural and electronic properties of defect chalcopyrite compounds

Modern Applications of Electronic Nose: A Review

Electronic noses have provided a plethora of benefits to a variety of commercial industries, including the agricultural, biomedical, cosmetics, environmental, food, manufacturing, military, pharmaceutical, regulatory, and various scientific research fields. Advances have improved product attributes, uniformity, and consistency as a result of increases in quality control capabilities afforded by electronic-nose monitoring of all phases of industrial manufacturing processes. This paper is a review of some of the more important and modern applications that have been of greatest benefit to the humankind.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i1.122

Ground state energy, electronic and chemical properties prediction of acenes derivatives for organic electronic: a DFT insight

The ground state energies, energy gaps Egap, HOMO and LUMO energies, electron affinity and ionization potential are calculated at the level of HF/6-311G and DFT-B3LYP/6-311G exchange level and basis set. The results show good agreement when compared with theoretical and the experimental values. It was found that the ground state energy of the system, gaps energy, electrophilicity, electronegativity and chemical hardness decreased with the increase in the number of acenes ring. From HOMO and LUMO energies, Ionization energies and electron affinity results, they show an improvement compare to the acenes molecules. Pentacene and the predicted molecules exhibit good electronic properties

Pathologist-Clinician Collaboration and Patient Care

In this era of personalized medicine Pathology plays a pivotal role and pathologists are at the forefront of establishing a correct diagnosis, on the basis of which further management of any disease is carried out. Infect the glorification of modern medicine and understanding of human body owes a lot to advances in pathology. A practicing physician or a surgeon is stranded without the help of a diagnostic pathology laboratory and guidelines from pathologist. Clinician suspects a disease and advises a battery of laboratory tests encompassing all the differential diagnosis and quite often, the confirmation requires a microscopic examination or more sophisticated tests involving molecular or genetic studies. It is believed that 70% of clinical decisions are based upon laboratory tests. Collaboration between the pathologist and clinician has been found to be indispensable in improving the quality of patient care especially in, but not limited to, the areas of cancer management and care.1 Knowledge about the sample collection, the right container used and proper documentation can minimize the pre-analytic errors. Laboratory request form is the first contact between the patient and laboratory and inadequately completed laboratory request forms or illegible clinical information provided limits pathologists advice to clinician and may contribute to medical errors. Majority of laboratory errors occur in pre-analytic phase of laboratory workflow and inadequately completed forms have been described as a contributory pre-analytic error.2 Awareness about the limitations and interpretation of different test results is an essential component of patient care

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever (DF) is the most common viral disease transmitted by the arthropods.1 Dengue fever manifests as flu like illness affecting all age groups including infants, children and adults. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a life threatening complication of dengue characterized by high fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, thrombocytopenia and sometimes circulatory failure.2 Early diagnosis is essential, based mainly on history, physical examination and laboratory investigations. There is mortality rate of 1-5% in untreated cases and in less than 1% with treatment. However with severe disease the mortality rate reaches to 26%.3 Dengue and DHF are fast emerging as a global health problems. 4 Dengue is endemic in more than 110 countries. It affects 50 to 100 million people worldwide a year with half a million hospitalizations and almost 12,500-25,000 deaths.5 The incidence of dengue has increased 30 folds between 1960 and 2010. Factors responsible for dengue’s spread include explosive population growth, unplanned urban overpopulation with inadequate public health systems and poor vector control

Application of UWB wireless MIMO connectivity inside ships

In this paper, Ultra wideband (UWB) technology is proposed for replacing the large amounts of wiring used in ships which can cause serious problems like electrical interference, short circuit fires and similar trouble.There are numerous applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) like in target tracking, monitoring a large number of sensors at vital points with actuators, controllers etc.. However there are not many studies which focus on implementing this technology in Ships. Wireless communications can be difficult in ships due to many metallic structures. The proposed UWB technology is based on novel pulse shapes which are derived from mono cycle sine waves in the GHz range, which have been practically tested and found to comply with the FCC regulations, in terms of power levels and spectral mask limitations. The technique can be operated as a high bit rate fast digital personal area network (PLAN).The results obtained practically show that this wireless solution may provide cost-effective alternative to the huge amount of wiring and cables, which are used to interconnect sensors and peripheral devices to central digital control units.The proposed scheme has been analysed theoretically and implemented practically as well as by simulation. It gave sound results in terms of cost, speed, channel capacity as well as power and spectral mask compliance with FCC regulations

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE – A MULTI-CENTER STUDY IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Objective: Chronic kidney disease is growing at alarming rate in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of the study was to find out the major factors leading to this disease and to carry out the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of allopathic and homoeopathic medicines in treatment of chronic kidney disease.Methods: A multi-center study was carried out in five different centers from 2009-2014. The study was carried out by interviewing the patients, noting down their vitals and reviewing their records. Evaluation of the data was done considering age, sex and co-morbidities associated with renal failure.Results: Significant results were observed. Patients of age groups 46 to 60 (48%) and 30 to 45 (21%) were found to suffer more from chronic kidney disease. Hypertension was found as the most frequently occurring co-morbidity along with chronic renal failure followed by diabetes.Conclusion: The current study will be beneficial in bringing awareness in general public and thereby reducing the increasing burden of end-stage kidney disease