Recommendation domains for pond aquaculture: country case study: development and status of freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh

This report is an output of the project “Determination of high-potential aquaculture development areas and impact in Africa and Asia”. This monograph is the case study for Cameroon. Written in three parts, it describes the historical background, practices, stakeholder profiles, production levels, economic and institutional environment, policy issues, and prospects for aquaculture in the country. First, it documents the history and current status of the aquaculture in the country. Second, it assesses the technologies and approaches that either succeeded or failed to foster aquaculture development and discusses why. Third, it identifies the key reasons for aquaculture adoption

Recommendation domains for pond aquaculture: country case study: development and status of freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh

This report is an output of the project ôDetermination of high-potential aquaculture development areas and impact in Africa and Asiaö. This monograph is the case study for Bangladesh. Written in three parts, it describes the historical background, practices, stakeholder profiles, production levels, economic and institutional environment, policy issues, and prospects for aquaculture in the country. First, it documents the history and current status of the aquaculture in the country. Second, it assesses the technologies and approaches that either succeeded or failed to foster aquaculture development and discusses why. Third, it identifies the key reasons for aquaculture adoption.Freshwater aquaculture, Economic analysis, Trade, Ecosystems, Pond culture, Fish consumption, Food security, Policies, Regulations, Legislation, Socioeconomic aspects, Yield, Bangladesh,

Input-output relationship and economics of pangas monoculture and carp-pangas polyculture in two districts of Bangladesh

An attempt was made to study the input-output relationships and economics of pangas monoculture and carp-pangas polyculture in Bangladesh. By analyzing the data collected from 50 pangas farms and 55 carp-pangas farms, the study has investigated the production systems of two technologies and the effects of fingerling stocking and applications of feed and fertilizer on fisheries income. The data were collected from the fishermen of Trishal and Bhaluka of Mymensingh district, and Kahaloo and Adamdighee of Bogra district during 2001-02. For pangas monoculture, the stocking density was 31,561 per ha while it was 55,017 per ha in carp-pangas polyculture. Most of the farmers used urea, TSP and lime before stocking. Rice and wheat bran happened to be the most common feed ingredients for both types of culture in general. Other important ingredients used were mustard oil-cakes, rice polish, wheat flour, fish meal, bone meal, soybean meal and poultry litter. In terms of quantities, rice bran and wheat bran dominated the farmers list. Rice and wheat bran together constituted about 60% of all studied feeds. Feed cost constituted 59.13% of total costs for pangas monoculture and 67.44% for carp-pangas polyculture. Per ha productions of pangas and carp-pangas in a single culture cycle were 15,508 kg and 19,745 kg, respectively. Per ha gross profits were estimated to be Tk 310,311 and Tk 464,418 for pangas monoculture and carp-pangas polyculture, respectively. Net profit appeared to be Tk 264,216 per ha for pangas monoculture and Tk 416,509 per ha for carp-pangas polyculture. The BCRs calculated were 1.46 and 1.68 for monoculture and polyculture, respectively. The break-even costs per kg of fish were estimated at Tk 36.93 for pangas and Tk 30.93 for mixed species which was much lower than the prices the producers received. Break-even productions were estimated at 10,702 kg per ha for pangas monoculture and 11,784 kg per ha for carp-pangas polyculture. Fingerling and feed cost, and pond size significantly explained the variation of income from pangas monoculture. These factors have significantly influenced the income from the crop. Functional analysis shows that 1% increase in the feed cost might increase 0.51% of pangas income and 0.41% in carp-pangas income. No other inputs had shown this much of responses to increasing income from a fish

Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) in Sunamganj district of Bangladesh: the nature of cooperation and conflicts

There are altogether 411 haors comprising an area of about 8000 square kilometer, covering 25% of entire region dispersed in the districts of Sunamgonj, Sylhet, Moulvibazar, Hobigonj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj. Sunamganj district is particularly known as a district of haors and baors where a large number of people depend on fishing for their livelihood. Some people are basically fishermen and fish all the year round. Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) project has been initiated in this area to develop fishery sector as well as for the development of the inland fishermen of haor area. Healthy cooperation among the beneficiaries of the project is very much present and some NGOs are found working actively there to help the fishermen for the sound implementation of the project. But the influentials of different villages around create troubles and conflicts intentionally in the project area because of which fishermen cannot fish smoothly and the implementation of the project is getting hampered. Therefore, a kind of consensus needs to be reached among the inhabitants of the haor area and a powerful association of the fishermen should be established so that fishing may be undertaken in the beel without having any troubles and conflicts. In this article the conflicts and cooperation that are in existence in the implementation process of CBFM project in the haor areas of Sunamgonj district have been discussed. Some suggestions have been offered in the paper to overcome the existing conflicts impeding the smooth implementation of CBFM project in the fishery sector of haor area under Sunamganj district

Impact on the phased abolition of co-payments on the utilisation of selected prescription medicines in Wales

We have taken advantage of a natural experiment to measure the impact of the phased abolition of prescription co-payments in Wales. We investigated 3 study periods covering the phased abolition: from £6 to £4, £4 to £3, and £3 to £0. A difference-in-difference modelling was adopted and applied to monthly UK general practice level dispensing data on 14 selected medicines which had the highest percentage of items dispensed subject to a co-payment prior to abolition. Dispensing from a comparator region (North East of England) with similar health and socio-economic characteristics to Wales, and where prescription co-payments continued during the study periods, was used to isolate any non-price effects on dispensing in Wales. Results show a small increase in dispensing of 14 selected medicines versus the comparator. Compared with NE England, monthly average Welsh dispensing was increased by 11.93 items (7.67%; 95% CI [7.2%, 8.1%]), 6.37 items (3.38%; 95% CI [2.9%, 3.7%]) and 9.18 items (4.54%; 95% CI [4.2%, 4.9%]) per practice per 1,000 population during the periods when co-payment was reduced. Price elasticities of the selected medicines utilisation were -0.23, -0.13, and -0.04 in 3 analyses, suggesting the abolition of co-payment had small effect on Welsh dispensing

EVALUASI PENYEDIAAN TEMPAT PEMAKAMAN UMUM (TPU) DI KOTA BANDUNG

Tempat pemakaman umum (TPU) selain digunakan untuk kegiatan pemakaman, juga berfungsi sebagai RTH perkotaan. TPU yang ada di Kota Bandung sudah hampir penuh digunakan. Bahkan, 13 TPU yang ada dan memiliki luas lahan 1.454.955 m2 berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung kini 96% telah terisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi penyediaan lahan tempat pemakaman umum (TPU) di Kota Bandung berdasarkan pedoman dan peraturan yang terkait dengan pemakaman. Sasaran yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini yaitu teridentifikasinya kondisi eksisting penyediaan lahan pemakaman di Kota Bandung saat ini melalui aspek-aspek utama pada pemakaman yaitu penggunaan TPU, penggolongan TPU, fasilitas TPU, sebaran lokasi TPU, dan pengelolaan TPU, mengevaluasi lokasi pemakaman ditinjau berdasarkan pola lokasinya, yaitu berdasarkan lokasinya dalam konteks tata ruang dan kedekatannya dengan elemen kegiatan kota, dan mengevaluasi penyediaan lahan pemakaman di Kota Bandung yang mengacu pada standar dan peraturan yang berlaku terkait dengan pemakaman di kawasan perkotaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 13 TPU di Kota Bandung terdapat tujuh TPU yang kritis karena keterbatasan lahan karena lahan pemakaman telah terisi penuh, dan terdapat enam TPU yang belum terisi penuh untuk pemakaman karena masih tersedia lahan. Berdasarkan evaluasi terhadap lokasi pemakaman berdasarkan konteks tata ruang dan elemen kegiatan yang berdekatan diketahui beberapa pemakaman yang secara lokasi tidak sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1987. Seluruh tempat pemakaman umum (TPU) di Kota Bandung belum efektif menjadi salah satu elemen ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) publik karena masih minimnya fasilitas di setiap TPU dan juga masih banyaknya makam yang menggunakan perkerasan (tembok). Hal tersebut karena pengelolaan yang dilakukan oleh pihak pengelola dan kuantitas sumber daya manusia (pegawai) masih relatif rendah membuat kondisi TPU menjadi kurang tertib, nyaman, dan indah. Kata Kunci : Makam, Tempat Pemakaman Umum, Ruang Terbuka Hijau &nbsp

Dynamic Performance Improvement of an Isolated Wind Turbine Induction Generator

A dynamic model of a variable speed stand alone wind generation unit is developed. The steady state as well as the dynamic performance of the wind system is explored. The necessary conditions for steady operation have been established. The performance of the system under variable wind gust and other disturbance conditions has been studied. It has been observed that a stand alone generator is very vulnerable to transient variations in the system. This is because of the lack of excitation to the unit. A stabilizing control scheme through a thyristor controlled variable capacitance at the generator terminal is suggested for stabilizing the system. PI controller with optimized gain settings is included in the control loop. The PI controlled variable capacitance strategy has demonstrated very good steady state and transient performance of the wind turbine-generator s

QUINAZOLINE BASED EGFR INHIBITORS: PHARMACOPHORE MODELING, 3D-QSAR, DOCKING AND DRUG LIKELINESS PREDICTION

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PHARMACOPHORE MODELING, 3D-QSAR, DOCKING AND DRUG LIKELINESS PREDICTION OF ANTITUBULIN AGENTS

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