Non-family migration and the construction of a family space in a situation of constraint. The case of old people born in Northwest Africa and residing in France

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción del espacio familiar en los ancianos nacidos en el norte y el oeste de África y que residen en Francia, lejos de su familia nuclear que vive en el país de origen. Busca comprender cómo esta construcción se lleva a cabo a lo largo de la trayectoria individual y familiar y resulta tanto de restricciones como de estrategias espaciales. Desarrolla la historia de esta migración a través del estado construido de “single geográfico” y muestra cómo esto impacta a la familia en su configuración espacial, organización y relaciones con el espacio.This article aims to analyze the construction of family space in the elderly born in North and West Africa and residing in France, far from their nuclear family living in the country of origin. It seeks to understand how this construction takes place along the individual and family trajectory and results from both constraints and spatial strategies. He develops the history of this migration through the constructed status of “geographical single” and shows how this impacts the family in its spatial configuration, organization and relationships to spac

Pulse Electrodepositin of ZnO for Thin Absorber Solar Cells

AbstractThis study reports the influence of the condition parameters on the electrodeposition of zinc oxide using Zn(NO3)2 6H2O. ZnO thin films were electrodeposited on FTO and Mo substrate, using a pulse electrodeposition technique. Thin and adherent films have been obtained after 360 cycles. The pulse electrodeposition process was investigated though voltammetry cyclic. The morphology as well as the optical properties of the films was studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical transmittance spectroscopy

Préférence d’habitat de la seule population sauvage de Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha dans le Paléarctique : implications pour sa conservation et sa gestion

Le Francolin à double éperon (Francolinus bicalcaratum ayesha) est un oiseau en danger critique d’extinction et endémique du Maroc, où il habite les forêts de chêne-liège. Ses populations ont été réduites principalement en raison de la chasse et de la destruction des habitats. La caractérisation de l’habitat utilisé par ces oiseaux indigènes peut optimiser les programmes futurs de réintroduction. La méthode de détection auditive a été utilisée sur des transects pour localiser les mâles chanteurs. Nous avons analysé les facteurs qui déterminent la présence du Francolin à double éperon dans le Nord-Ouest du Maroc en considérant 13 variables explicatives. Ces prédicteurs ont été regroupés par Analyse en Composante Pricipale (ACP) et les données associées à la présence/aléatoire de l’espèce ont été traitées par des GLMs. Le meilleur modèle, sélectionné sur la base du critère d’Akaike, a montré les effets combinés, en additif, des axes ACPTaille des arbres, ACPProximité aux parcelles de céréales et ACPDensité des arbres (AICweight = 0,75). Les Francolins ont montré une préférence pour les grands arbres à faible densité et pour la proximité de champs de céréales. Cela suggère que la sélection de l’habitat chez les francolins est un compromis entre la nécessité de se nourrir et celle d’éviter les prédateurs. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour améliorer notre compréhension des effets des facteurs écologiques sur la sélection de l’habitat de nidification, la productivité et la survie de ce Gallinacé.The critically endangered Double-spurred Francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha) is endemic to Morocco, where it inhabits cork oak forests. Its populations have been reduced chiefly due to hunting and habitat destruction. Characterizing the habitat use of native-bred birds is a tool which can optimize recovery programs. Auditory detection was used during transect surveys of calling males to locate breeding birds. We analysed factors determining the occurrence of native Double-spurred Francolins in North-western Morocco using a set of 13 environmental variables. Predictors were aggregated using PCAs and related to species presence/random data using GLMs. The best-supported model of the species’ occurrence included three PCA axes and was clearly better (AIC weight = 0.75) than other models. Francolins showed a preference for large trees with low density, and a proximity to cereal fields. This suggests a trade-off between the need to forage efficiently and that to avoid predators. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological factors on nest habitat selection, productivity and survival of Double-spurred Francolin

Kyste hydatique du foie rompu dans la paroi abdominale et dans le muscle psoas : à propos d'une rare observation

Le kyste hydatique du foie est une parasitose qui sévit à l′état endémique au maroc. La rupture dans la paroi abdominale et dans le psoas est une complication exceptionnelle. Nous rapportons un cas de kyste hydatique du foie rompu dans la paroi et dans le muscle psoas. Le diagnostic a été établi sur les données de l′échographie et surtout de la tomodensitométrie. Le patient a été opéré avec des suites simples

Adaptation of eye and hand movements to target displacements of different size

Previous work has documented that the direction of eye and hand movements can be adaptively modified using the double-step paradigm. Here we report that both motor systems adapt not only to small direction steps (5° gaze angle) but also to large ones (28° gaze angle). However, the magnitude of adaptation did not increase with step size, and the relative magnitude of adaptation therefore decreased from 67% with small steps to 15% with large steps. This decreasing efficiency of adaptation may reflect the participation of directionally selective neural circuits in double-step adaptation

Sensory Processing of Motor Inaccuracy Depends on Previously Performed Movement and on Subsequent Motor Corrections: A Study of the Saccadic System

When goal-directed movements are inaccurate, two responses are generated by the brain: a fast motor correction toward the target and an adaptive motor recalibration developing progressively across subsequent trials. For the saccadic system, there is a clear dissociation between the fast motor correction (corrective saccade production) and the adaptive motor recalibration (primary saccade modification). Error signals used to trigger corrective saccades and to induce adaptation are based on post-saccadic visual feedback. The goal of this study was to determine if similar or different error signals are involved in saccadic adaptation and in corrective saccade generation. Saccadic accuracy was experimentally altered by systematically displacing the visual target during motor execution. Post-saccadic error signals were studied by manipulating visual information in two ways. First, the duration of the displaced target after primary saccade termination was set at 15, 50, 100 or 800 ms in different adaptation sessions. Second, in some sessions, the displaced target was followed by a visual mask that interfered with visual processing. Because they rely on different mechanisms, the adaptation of reactive saccades and the adaptation of voluntary saccades were both evaluated. We found that saccadic adaptation and corrective saccade production were both affected by the manipulations of post-saccadic visual information, but in different ways. This first finding suggests that different types of error signal processing are involved in the induction of these two motor corrections. Interestingly, voluntary saccades required a longer duration of post-saccadic target presentation to reach the same amount of adaptation as reactive saccades. Finally, the visual mask interfered with the production of corrective saccades only during the voluntary saccades adaptation task. These last observations suggest that post-saccadic perception depends on the previously performed action and that the differences between saccade categories of motor correction and adaptation occur at an early level of visual processing