The Effects of Parenting Style and Feeding Style on Child Weight Status: A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity is a global health concern. According to the World Health, prevalence of obesity decupled in the last four decades, where 124 million children and adolescents are now considered obese (“Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity”, 2019). Organization Interactions between parenting styles and feeding styles play a critical role in the development of a child\u27s lifestyle habits, which may impact their weight status. The purpose of this study was to identify how parenting and feeding styles impact a child’s weight status. A systematic review of the literature, guided by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual protocol, was conducted using three electronic databases. Inclusion criteria included: Children aged between 2-12 years, child weight status in BMI (kg/m2), and parenting and feeding style descriptions. Nine studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The results showed that authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles were linked to higher BMI in children, which may be explained by the lack of self-control that accelerates to excessive food consumption. The authoritative parenting style was linked to lower child weight status. Culture also influenced the relationship between parenting style and the child’s weight. The results suggest that the use of a more authoritative style of parenting that focuses on identifying and following on a child’s hunger and satiety cues may aid in moderating a child’s weight status. Interventions from health professionals should involve teaching families about modeling healthy behaviors, building and reinforcing positive attitudes towards healthy eating, and exercising self-control in food consumption

The Effects of Parenting Style and Feeding Style on Child Weight Status: A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity is a global health concern. According to the World Health, prevalence of obesity decupled in the last four decades, where 124 million children and adolescents are now considered obese (“Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity”, 2019). Organization Interactions between parenting styles and feeding styles play a critical role in the development of a child\u27s lifestyle habits, which may impact their weight status. The purpose of this study was to identify how parenting and feeding styles impact a child’s weight status. A systematic review of the literature, guided by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual protocol, was conducted using three electronic databases. Inclusion criteria included: Children aged between 2-12 years, child weight status in BMI (kg/m2), and parenting and feeding style descriptions. Nine studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The results showed that authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles were linked to higher BMI in children, which may be explained by the lack of self-control that accelerates to excessive food consumption. The authoritative parenting style was linked to lower child weight status. Culture also influenced the relationship between parenting style and the child’s weight. The results suggest that the use of a more authoritative style of parenting that focuses on identifying and following on a child’s hunger and satiety cues may aid in moderating a child’s weight status. Interventions from health professionals should involve teaching families about modeling healthy behaviors, building and reinforcing positive attitudes towards healthy eating, and exercising self-control in food consumption

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population