Effects of Lombok Island's local moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder on the decrease of liver fructose levels and GLUT5 expression in albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high fructose diet

Background: Consumed fructose enters enterocytes of the intestinal epithelial apical membrane mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5). Aim: To determine the effects of Lombok Island's local Moringa leaf powder on reducing liver fructose levels and GLUT5 expression in the small intestine of albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. Methods: Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) was obtained from Lombok Island, Indonesia. Subsequently, 30 male albino rats (Rattus novergicus) were used, divided into the normal group (NG), treatment group 1 (T1G), treatment group 2 (T2G), Quercetin group (QG), Moringa group (MG). Quercetin and moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) was administered at 50 mg/kgbw and 500 mg/kgbw for 28 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) method used to examine liver fructose levels. The observation of GLUT5 expression in the small intestine was performed by the Immunofluorescence method. Results: The Anova test prove that there are significant differences (p < 0.005) in liver fructose levels in all groups. Further post hoc tests show no significant difference (p>0.005) in liver fructose levels in rats fed a high fructose diet in T1G and T2G with QG and MG rats. However, Moringa leaf powder freduces liver fructose levels by 32.1% and 17.2% in T1G and T2G rats. The Anova test showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in all groups. Further post hoc tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum between the normal group and the T1G rats. Meanwhile, in T2G rats, significant differences were only found in the jejunum. Moringa leaf powder reduces GLUT5 expression in T1G rats by 44.5%, 59.5%, and 57.2% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas in T2G rats is by 33.5%, 50.2%, and 48.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The administration of local moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder in Lombok Island had an effect on reducing GLUT5 expression in the small intestine, however, did not in liver fructose levels of albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 532-540

Pemberian Serbuk Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Perbaikan Profil Lipid dan Ketebalan Aorta pada Tikus Model Prediabetes Mellitus

Latar Belakang: Konsumsi makanan dan minuman kemasan dengan kandungan tinggi fruktosa mengalami peningkatan beberapa tahun terakhir. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko terjadinya sindrom metabolik, meliputi resistensi insulin, peningkatan tekanan darah, dan gangguan profil lipid. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dengan kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan diketahui mampu memperbaiki metabolisme lemak dan glukosa darah.                                                                                             Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh serbuk daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dalam mengontrol kondisi sindrom metabolik melalui identifikasi profil lipid dan ketebalan aorta pada prediabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Sebanyak 35 ekor tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) galur Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok K0 (pakan standar), E1 (sonde fruktosa 66% selama 16 minggu), E2 (sonde fruktosa 66% selama 12 minggu), E3 (sonde fruktosa 66%+kuersetin 50 mg/kg BB), dan E4 (sonde fruktosa 66%+serbuk daun kelor 500 mg/kg BB). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian: Kadar kolesterol total, HDL kolesterol, dan ketebalan dinding aorta berbeda signifikan antarkelompok perlakuan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar trigliserida, LDL kolesterol, dan massa jaringan lemak putih antar kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan: Pemberian serbuk daun kelor selama 4 minggu menunjukkan perbaikan profil lipid dan ketebalan dinding aorta pada kondisi prediabetes mellitus