Parameters of adaptability and stability of winter durum wheat varieties according to various forecrops in the Rostov region

The article summarizes the study results of adaptability parameters of winter durum wheat depending on its forecrop. The study was carried out in the Rostov region in 2015-2017. As the objects of the study there have been used 8 winter durum wheat varieties ‘Donchanka’, ‘Amazonka’, ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Kristella’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Diona’ and ‘Eyrena’. The variety ‘Donchanka’ was taken as a standard variety. In the field trials the varieties were sown after weedfree and green fallows, and after such forecrops as peas, sunflower and maize for grain. The obtained data showed that green fallow was the most favorable forecrop for winter durum wheat, an average yield of which was 7.69 t/ha. When sown after various forecrops, all varieties had different adaptability parameters. The best forecrops were weedfree fallow (‘Kristella’ with 7.78 t/ha, ‘Lazurite’ with 7.74 t/ha), green fallow (‘Agat Donskoy’ with 8.30 t/ha, ‘Lazurit’ with 8.46 t/ha) and peas (‘Oniks’ with 7.41 t/ha, ‘Diona’ with 8.11 t/ha). Among the whole set of the varieties, the variety ‘Agat Donskoy’ (bi>1) proved to be the most highly responsive, while maintaining in most cases high stable yields (si2 <1), productivity of the varieties sown after all forecrops, except sunflower, was 6.93-8.30 t/ha. With productivity increase of 1 t/ha, it improved its indicator (bi) by 1.16-5.15 t/ha. The variety ‘Eyrena’ is recommended for cultivation on an extensive background, since through the years of study it turned out to be the least responsive - with productivity increase by 1 t/ha, it improved its indicator (bi) by 0.01-0.55 t/ha after such forecrops as peas, sunflower and maize for silage

Ammonite Faunal Dynamics Across Bio-Events During the Mid-and Late Cretaceous Along the Russian Pacific Coast

Jagt−Yazykova, E.A. 2012. Ammonite faunal dynamics across bio−events during the mid − and Late Cretaceous along th

The achievements in the sorghum varieties and hybrids' breeding in the ARC “Donskoy”

Sorghum is one of the most important crops in all arid tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central America. In the Russian Federation, the sowing area of sorghum varied from 8.7 to 228.6 thousand ha throughout about 20 years (1999–2018). The main share (93–98%) of the sowing area of sorghum in Russia is located in the Pre-Volga region and the Southern Federal District. The Rostov Region as a part of the Southern Federal District accounts for up to 46–69% of sorghum crops (Kovtunov, 2018). The most effective way to increase productivity and product quality is to create new varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and introduce them into agricultural production. The FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” developed the white-kernelled sorghum varieties “Velikan”, “Zernogradskoye 88” and “Ataman” with 5.41–5.85 t/ha of productivity not only for fodder, but also for food (starch, alcohol). The sweet sorghum varieties “Listvenit”, “Yuzhnoye” and “Feniks” with green mass productivity of 38–46 t/ha are intended for use on green fodder and silage and are characterized by intensive initial growth, lodging resistance, drought resistance, resistance to dust smut, bacteriosis and to cereal aphids. The Sudan grass varieties “Anastasiya”, “Alisa” and “Gratsiaya” developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” are characterized by the intensive initial growth and regrowth. They are middle-ripening, drought tolerant, highly productive with 41–44 t/ha of green mass and 8.3–8.6 t/ha of dry matter. There have been developed and are being tested the promising sorghum-Sudan hybrids with 62–77 t/ha of green mass and 11.4–16.6 t/ha of dry matter obtained in mowing the aftermath

Parameters of variety change of winter wheat

In the Rostov region there is an increase of the amount of winter wheat varieties used in the production. Out of 110 varieties used in the production in 2015, 28 varieties (or 13.3%) were new. In the sowings of winter wheat in 2015, the varieties being in the production for 6-10 years were mostly spread, including the varieties which have always been the leaders in the winter wheat sowings. Incomplete use of new varieties in the Rostov region is a reason of low grain yields. In 2015 the winter wheat yield was less on 950 thousand ton. The analysis of varietal structure of winter wheat and variety change dynamics is aimed for the development of organizational events to improve the regulation of seed market in the region on the basis of planning, forecasting and management. The increase of economic efficiency of grain production is connected with a rapid introduction of new varieties on the basis of a scientifically substantiated variety change taking into account agro ecological placement in nature-climatic zones that is impossible without well-organized seed-growing

Soft wheat: quality of flour and grain, price

In recent years the Russian Federation is among the world's leading grain producers. The country is considered a world leader in export of wheat. Russian wheat in the world market attracts with its price and quality. How is high-quality wheat flour valued in the domestic market, in multiple shops? To study the problem, there were purchased flour samples in such multiple shops as Magnit, Record and SuperU (France), as well as flour of local production in AO “Uchkhoz Zernovoye” (Zernograd). We evaluated flour quality not only according to the information indicated on the packages, but also there were conducted analysis in our own laboratory (on protein percentage, SDS sedimentation, grain prolamins). The study results showed that protein content in flour was actually more by 0.3–2.9% (except “Farine de ble T-65”), which in terms of grain (cake meal) corresponded to grain of 1–3 class. According to SDS-sedimentation, all flour samples corresponded to the traits of “strong” and “valuable” wheat, except for rye flour and a special product “Pudov (French recipe)”. The gliadins in the studied samples were rated as “good” and “+”, “-”. Consequently, the price of premium baking flour was formed not only due to its quality, but also according to the brand's popularity (“MAKFA”, “Pudov”), according to supply and demand, and it sometimes differs twofold e. g. “Petrovsky niva” costs 22.45 rubles per kg., “MAKFA” costs 42.90 rubles per kg

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

Productivity of winter barley varieties is a main characteristic for their wide introduction into agricultural production. Yields and quality of grain are usually formed under influence of a complex set of conditions. Grain productivity depends on such factors as cultivation technology, hydrothermal regime, tolerance to unfavourable weather conditions. Plant moisture supply is the main factor for obtaining high yields of winter barley in the eastern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the years of 2014-2016, which were characterized with different moisture supply. There were studied the varieties ‘Master’, ‘Tigr’, ‘Timofey’ and ‘Erema’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”. On average three varieties ‘Master’ (4.26 t/ha), ‘Timofey’ (4.18 t/ha) and ‘Erema’ 4.37 t/ha) gave the largest yields for three-year period of study. On average for three-year period of study the greatest quantity of protein was found in the variety ‘Tugr’ (11.7%), the greatest amount of starch was found in the variety ‘Timofey’ (59.2%)

The effect of sowing dates and forecrops on productivity and grain quality of the winter soft wheat variety “Krasa Dona” in the southern part of the Rostov region

The study was carried out on blackearth (chernozem) soils of the southern part of the Rostov region at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current paper has presented the results of the three years’ study (2017–2019) of the effect of sowing dates and various forecrops on the productivity and quality of the winter soft wheat variety “Krasa Dona”. There has been established a high resistance of the variety to lodging in all variants of the trial. There has been presented the dynamics of productiv-ity of the variety “Krasa Dona”, depending on the sowing dates and various forecrops. There has been identified a positive reaction of the variety to sowing in a fallow at the optimum dates (September 20 and 30), where the maximum yield was 7.77–8.62 t/ha.When sowing at a later date, the yields tended to be lower. There has been identified a high adaptability of the variety “Krasa Dona” to the sowing dates in a non-fallow, where it forms a high yield when sowing at different dates. It was found out that the winter soft wheat variety “Krasa Dona” formed different yields according to the studied variants of forecrops and sowing dates due to the number of productive stems per unit area and due to the head productivity. On average for 2017–2019 the winter soft wheat variety “Krasa Dona” formed the 3rd class grain, when sown in a fallow or after peas and the 4rd class grain, when sown after sunflower.The calculation of the grain production profitability showed that the greatest economic effect was obtained by sowing the winter soft wheat variety “Krasa Dona” after peas, it was 169.2–194.5% depending on the sowing date. The minimum profitability was 136.1-147.2% after sunflower. On average, over the years of research, the maximum conditional net income 52 508–58 887 rubles/ha was obtained when the variety was sown in a weedfree fallow

Breeding of grain sorghum in the Rostov region

Grain sorghum is the most essential fodder and food crop with a range of advantages. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of grain sorghum's seed-growing and to carry out the analysis of varietal composition, the amount of planted seeds according to the categories, and of the areas planted with sorghum in the Rostov region in 2012-2014. There is a low amount of areas planted with sorghum and they don’t exceed 170 000 ha in Ru ssia, with no more than 60 000 ha in the Rostov region. One of the main reasons of insufficient distribution of the crop are the difficulties in seed growing, namely a late maturation of seeds (September, October), which impedes harvesting and reduces the quality of sowing characteristics. In the Rostov region it’s possible to obtain high quality seeds if apply high agricultural technology, compl y with the rules of seed-growing and choose proper varietal composition. A significant part of the varieties and the hybrids of grain sorghum (48.9%) included in the State Register of breeding achievements has been recommended for cultivation in the North-Caucasus region. The varieties of FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G Kalinenko occupy the largest part (51.3-73.3%) of all the areas planted with sorghum in the Rostov region. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Rostov region there is an increase of the amount of sown grain sorghum seeds of different categories from 2 950 hwt in 2012 to 11 100 hwt in 2014. It leads to significant increasing of areas planted with sorghum in the Rostov region from 14 500 to 58 300 hectares

Cultivation technology of the winter soft wheat variety “Aksiniya” in the southern part of the Rostov region

The article presents the results of three-year study (2015–2017) of the effect of various cultivation technologies on the produc­tivity of winter soft wheat variety “Aksiniya”. The study was carried out on blackearth (chernozem) soils of the southern part of the Rostov region, in the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There was studied an effect of the sowing time after different forecrops on the variety resistance to lodging. There was identified high variety resistance to lodging in all variants of the experiment. There was described a change in the dynamics of the “Aksiniya” productivity depending on the sowing period after different forecrops. There was a positive reaction of the variety for an early planting on 10th September. During sowing on 10th Sep­tember, the yield was 5.26–6.81 t/ha, depending on the forecrops. At sowing in later terms there is a tendency to yield decrease. In 2015–2017 the winter soft wheat variety “Aksiniya” sown in fallow land or after peas formed the products of the 2nd class, when sown after sunflower the variety formed the product of the 3d class on average. The calculation of production profitability has shown that the most effective forecrop for the winter soft wheat variety “Aksiniya” is pea. Low production costs for the forecrop peas ensured the production profitability of 165.6–204.5%, depending on the sowing period. The minimum production profitability of the variety sown after sunflower was 83.9–111.4% depending on the sowing period. It has been established that the winter soft wheat variety “Aksini­ya” forms the yield due to the number of ears per area unit and due to the ear productivity. Therefore, when cultivating it is necessary to pay special attention to early nitrogen fertilizing, or to apply ammonium sulfate in a dose of N30 before sowing, which will provide a conditional net income of up to 58 363 rubles per hectare, and will increase profitability up to 233%